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Study · Randomized controlled trial · 2014

4 results

Sex differences in the neural and behavioral response to intranasal oxytocin and vasopressin during human social interaction.

Rilling JK, DeMarco AC, Hackett PD, Chen X, Gautam P, Stair S, Haroon E, Thompson R, Ditzen B, Patel R, Pagnoni G

Psychoneuroendocrinology27 Sept 2013Cited by 266 (Europe PMC)

PMID24157401 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3842401 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.022 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-24157401
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In women playing the Prisoner's Dilemma Game, oxytocin caused them to treat computer partners more like humans.

    In plain wordsIn women playing a social game, nasal oxytocin made them treat computer partners more like real people.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    IncreaseTreating computer partners like humans (women)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Social behavior and cognition · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    both OT and AVP caused women to treat computer partners more like humans.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Previously, in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind fMRI study, we reported effects of intranasal OT and AVP on behavior and brain activity of human males as they played an interactive social game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma Game. Here, we present findings from an identical study in hu…
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In men, oxytocin increased brain activity during cooperative interactions in areas rich in oxytocin receptors and in reward, social bonding, arousal and memory areas.

    In plain wordsIn men, nasal oxytocin raised brain activity in reward and social areas during cooperative game play.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    IncreaseBrain activity during cooperative interactions (men)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    During cooperative interactions, both OT and AVP increased brain activity in men within areas rich in OT and AVP receptors and in areas playing a key role in reward, social bonding, arousal and memory (e.g., the striatum, basal forebrain, insula, amygdala and hippocampus)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Previously, in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind fMRI study, we reported effects of intranasal OT and AVP on behavior and brain activity of human males as they played an interactive social game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma Game. Here, we present findings from an identical study in hu…
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In women, oxytocin either had no effect or in some cases decreased brain activity in the regions that it increased in men.

    In plain wordsIn women, nasal oxytocin did not raise brain activity in those areas, and sometimes lowered it.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    MixedBrain activity during cooperative interactions (women)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    whereas OT and AVP either had no effect or in some cases actually decreased brain activity in these regions in women.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Previously, in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind fMRI study, we reported effects of intranasal OT and AVP on behavior and brain activity of human males as they played an interactive social game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma Game. Here, we present findings from an identical study in hu…
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In humans, oxytocin treatment made the neural responses of males more similar to those of females given placebo, and the reverse in females.

    In plain wordsIn people, nasal oxytocin shifted men's brain responses toward women's placebo responses, and women's toward men's.

    Peptide
    Oxytocin
    Outcome
    MixedNeural responses in males and females compared with placebo
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    OT treatment rendered neural responses of males more similar to responses of females in the placebo group and vice versa, raising the prospect of an inverted u-shaped dose response to central OT levels.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 01:30 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:51 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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