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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2013

6 results

Melanocortin signaling in the brainstem influences vagal outflow to the stomach.

Richardson J, Cruz MT, Majumdar U, Lewin A, Kingsbury KA, Dezfuli G, Vicini S, Verbalis JG, Dretchen KL, Gillis RA, Sahibzada N

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience1 Aug 2013Cited by 25 (Europe PMC)

PMID23946387 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3742919 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1523/jneurosci.0780-13.2013 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-23946387
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats, MT-II microinjected into the dorsal motor vagal nucleus decreased gastric phasic contractions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, melanotan II injected into a brainstem nucleus reduced stomach contractions.

    Peptide
    Melanotan II
    Outcome
    DecreaseGastric phasic contractions after DMV injection
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, unilateral microinjection into the dorsal motor vagal nucleus
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjection into the dorsal motor vagal nucleusAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Using an in vivo approach, MC4-R agonists, melanotan-II (MT-II) or α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), were unilaterally microinjected into the DMV of rats, and their effects were noted on gastric activity.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    MT-II decreased phasic contractions, whereas α-MSH increased their amplitude.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, the effect of MT-II on gastric phasic contractions was blocked by the MC4-R antagonist SHU9119 or by ipsilateral vagotomy.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the stomach effect of melanotan II was blocked by an MC4 receptor blocker or by cutting the vagus nerve.

    Peptide
    Melanotan II
    Outcome
    Not applicableBlockade of the MT-II effect on gastric contractions by SHU9119 or vagotomy
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, unilateral microinjection into the dorsal motor vagal nucleus
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjection into the dorsal motor vagal nucleusAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both effects were blocked by the MC4-R antagonist SHU9119 or by ipsilateral vagotomy.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats, MT-II microinjected into the nucleus of the solitary tract decreased gastric phasic contractions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, melanotan II injected into a second brainstem nucleus also reduced stomach contractions.

    Peptide
    Melanotan II
    Outcome
    DecreaseGastric phasic contractions after NTS injection
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, microinjection into the nucleus of the solitary tract
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · microinjection into the nucleus of the solitary tractAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Microinjection of the agonists (MT-II and α-MSH) into the overlying nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), an important component of "vago-vagal" gastric circuitry, decreased phasic contractions.
  4. 04LabEx vivo tissueActivity measurement

    In DMV antrum neurons from rat pups, bath-applied MT-II significantly reduced spontaneous action potentials.

    In plain wordsIn lab recordings from rat nerve cells, melanotan II reduced spontaneous nerve firing.

    Peptide
    Melanotan II
    Outcome
    DecreaseSpontaneous action potentials of DMV antrum neurons
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Labeled DMV antrum neurons from rat pups
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · bath applicationAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Bath application of MT-II or α-MSH significantly reduced spontaneous action potentials
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To study the underlying mechanisms of the effect of MC4-R stimulation on gastric activity, electrophysiological recordings were made from labeled DMV antrum neurons in rat pups and MC4-R(-/-) mice.
  5. 05LabEx vivo tissueActivity measurement

    In DMV antrum neurons from MC4-R knockout mice, MT-II did not reduce spontaneous action potentials.

    In plain wordsIn lab recordings from mice lacking the MC4 receptor, melanotan II did not reduce nerve firing.

    Peptide
    Melanotan II
    Outcome
    No significant changeSpontaneous action potentials in MC4-R knockout mouse neurons
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    DMV antrum neurons from MC4-R(-/-) mice
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · bath applicationAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Bath application of MT-II or α-MSH significantly reduced spontaneous action potentials (but not in MC4-R(-/-) mice).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To study the underlying mechanisms of the effect of MC4-R stimulation on gastric activity, electrophysiological recordings were made from labeled DMV antrum neurons in rat pups and MC4-R(-/-) mice.
  6. 06LabEx vivo tissueActivity measurement

    In low-calcium ACSF, MT-II decreased neuronal firing in DMV antrum neurons.

    In plain wordsIn lab recordings in low-calcium fluid, melanotan II lowered nerve firing.

    Peptide
    Melanotan II
    Outcome
    DecreaseNeuronal firing in low-calcium ACSF
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Labeled DMV antrum neurons from rat pups, low-calcium ACSF
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · bath applicationAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, in low-calcium ACSF, MT-II decreased neuronal firing
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To study the underlying mechanisms of the effect of MC4-R stimulation on gastric activity, electrophysiological recordings were made from labeled DMV antrum neurons in rat pups and MC4-R(-/-) mice.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    10 Oct 2026, 09:43 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:04 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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