Skip to content

Study · Animal study (in vivo) · 2013

6 results

Mechanism of action for NNZ-2566 anti-inflammatory effects following PBBI involves upregulation of immunomodulator ATF3.

Cartagena CM, Phillips KL, Williams GL, Konopko M, Tortella FC, Dave JR, Schmid KE

Neuromolecular medicine14 Jun 2013Cited by 27 (Europe PMC)

PMID23765588 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s12017-013-8236-z (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-23765588
Source linkPubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 6 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    Following PBBI, NNZ-2566 increased atf3 mRNA an additional fourfold versus injury alone.

    In plain wordsIn animals with brain injury, NNZ-2566 increased atf3 mRNA versus injury alone.

    Peptide
    Trofinetide
    Outcome
    Increaseatf3 mRNA
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Penetrating ballistic-like brain injury
    Comparator
    PBBI alone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 hAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    PBBI alone significantly increased atf3 mRNA levels by 13-fold at 12 h and these levels were increased by an additional fourfold with NNZ-2566 treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigated whether 12 h of NNZ-2566 treatment following PBBI alters atf3 expression.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    Following PBBI, NNZ-2566 further increased microglial/macrophage ATF3 protein by 102% versus injury alone.

    In plain wordsIn animals with brain injury, NNZ-2566 increased microglial/macrophage ATF3 protein versus injury alone.

    Peptide
    Trofinetide
    Outcome
    IncreaseMicroglial/macrophage ATF3 protein
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Penetrating ballistic-like brain injury
    Comparator
    PBBI alone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 hAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NNZ-2566 treatment further increased ATF3 protein expression in microglia/macrophages (102%), NKCs (308%), and astrocytes (13%), while reversing ATF3 decreases in T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigated whether 12 h of NNZ-2566 treatment following PBBI alters atf3 expression.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    Following PBBI, NNZ-2566 further increased natural killer cell ATF3 protein by 308% versus injury alone.

    In plain wordsIn animals with brain injury, NNZ-2566 increased natural killer cell ATF3 protein versus injury alone.

    Peptide
    Trofinetide
    Outcome
    IncreaseNatural killer cell ATF3 protein
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Penetrating ballistic-like brain injury
    Comparator
    PBBI alone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 hAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NNZ-2566 treatment further increased ATF3 protein expression in microglia/macrophages (102%), NKCs (308%), and astrocytes (13%), while reversing ATF3 decreases in T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigated whether 12 h of NNZ-2566 treatment following PBBI alters atf3 expression.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    Following PBBI, NNZ-2566 further increased astrocyte ATF3 protein by 13% versus injury alone.

    In plain wordsIn animals with brain injury, NNZ-2566 increased astrocyte ATF3 protein versus injury alone.

    Peptide
    Trofinetide
    Outcome
    IncreaseAstrocyte ATF3 protein
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Penetrating ballistic-like brain injury
    Comparator
    PBBI alone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 hAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NNZ-2566 treatment further increased ATF3 protein expression in microglia/macrophages (102%), NKCs (308%), and astrocytes (13%), while reversing ATF3 decreases in T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigated whether 12 h of NNZ-2566 treatment following PBBI alters atf3 expression.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    Following PBBI, NNZ-2566 reversed the decrease in T-cell ATF3 protein versus injury alone.

    In plain wordsIn animals with brain injury, NNZ-2566 reversed the decrease in T-cell ATF3 protein versus injury alone.

    Peptide
    Trofinetide
    Outcome
    IncreaseT-cell ATF3 protein
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Penetrating ballistic-like brain injury
    Comparator
    PBBI alone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 hAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NNZ-2566 treatment further increased ATF3 protein expression in microglia/macrophages (102%), NKCs (308%), and astrocytes (13%), while reversing ATF3 decreases in T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigated whether 12 h of NNZ-2566 treatment following PBBI alters atf3 expression.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    Following PBBI, NNZ-2566 further increased neuronal ATF3 by 33% versus injury alone.

    In plain wordsIn animals with brain injury, NNZ-2566 increased neuronal ATF3 versus injury alone.

    Peptide
    Trofinetide
    Outcome
    IncreaseNeuronal ATF3 protein
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Penetrating ballistic-like brain injury
    Comparator
    PBBI alone
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 12 hAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Finally, PBBI increased ATF3 levels by 55% in neurons and NNZ-2566 treatment further increased these levels an additional 33%.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This study investigated whether 12 h of NNZ-2566 treatment following PBBI alters atf3 expression.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    27 Oct 2026, 16:37 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.