Oral intake of phenylbutyrate with or without vitamin D3 upregulates the cathelicidin LL-37 in human macrophages: a dose finding study for treatment of tuberculosis.

In healthy volunteers, oral phenylbutyrate 500 mg twice daily with vitamin D3 increased LL‑37 peptide concentration in monocyte-derived macrophages at day 4 versus day 0.

In plain wordsIn healthy volunteers, phenylbutyrate with vitamin D raised the body's own LL‑37 in macrophages after four days, compared with day 0.

Source sentences

In healthy volunteers, oral phenylbutyrate 500 mg twice daily with vitamin D3 increased LL‑37 transcript in monocyte-derived macrophages at day 4 versus day 0.

In plain wordsIn healthy volunteers, phenylbutyrate with vitamin D raised the body's own LL‑37 gene activity in macrophages after four days, compared with day 0.

Source sentences

In healthy volunteers, oral phenylbutyrate 250 mg twice daily with vitamin D3 increased LL‑37 transcript in monocyte-derived macrophages at day 4 and day 8 versus day 0.

In plain wordsIn healthy volunteers, a lower phenylbutyrate dose with vitamin D raised the body's own LL‑37 gene activity in macrophages on days four and eight.

Source sentences

At day 4, LL‑37 transcript levels in macrophages were higher in the groups given phenylbutyrate 250 mg or 500 mg twice daily with vitamin D3 than in the 1000 mg group and the vitamin D3-only group.

In plain wordsNatural LL‑37 in macrophages was higher at day four with two lower doses plus vitamin D than with the top dose or vitamin D alone.

Source sentences

At day 4, LL‑37 peptide induction in non-adherent lymphocytes was higher with phenylbutyrate 500 mg twice daily plus vitamin D3 than with the 250 mg plus vitamin D3 group and the phenylbutyrate-only group.

In plain wordsNatural LL‑37 in lymphocytes was higher at day four with the middle dose plus vitamin D than with the low dose or phenylbutyrate alone.

Source sentences

At day 8, LL‑37 peptide induction in non-adherent lymphocytes was higher with phenylbutyrate 500 mg twice daily alone than with the 250 mg and 1000 mg groups given vitamin D3.

In plain wordsOn day eight, the body's own LL‑37 in lymphocytes was higher with phenylbutyrate alone than with the lowest or highest dose given with vitamin D.

Source sentences

In healthy volunteers, intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages was significantly increased at day 4 versus day 0 in Groups I and II (phenylbutyrate with vitamin D3) and in Group V (vitamin D3 alone).

In plain wordsIn healthy volunteers, macrophages killed more tuberculosis bacteria at day four than at day 0 after phenylbutyrate with vitamin D or vitamin D alone.

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