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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2013

7 results

Immunomodulation of Homeopathic Thymulin 5CH in a BCG-Induced Granuloma Model.

Bonamin LV, Sato C, Zalla Neto R, Morante G, Cardoso TN, de Santana FR, Coelho Cde P, Osugui L, Popi AF, Hurtado EC, Mariano M

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM28 Jan 2013Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID23431344 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC3569925 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1155/2013/686018 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-23431344
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Summary

The present study analyzed the immune modulation mechanisms of thymulin 5CH in a granuloma experimental model. Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated. The phenotypic characterization of phagocyte, T- and B-lymphocyte populations in the peritoneum, and local lymph node was done by flow cytometry. During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M). After 7 days from inoculation, thymulin-treated mice presented reduction in the number of epithelioid cytokeratine-positive cells (P = 0.0001) in the lesion, in relation to young phagocytes. After 21 days, the differentiation of B1 peritoneal stem cells into phagocytes reached the peak, being higher in thymulin-treated mice (P = 0.0001). Simultaneously, the score of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (P = 0.001), and the number of B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in relation to control (P = 0.0001). No difference was seen on the CD25+ Treg cells. The results show that thymulin 5CH treatment is able to improve the granuloma inflammatory process and the infection remission, by modulating local and systemic phagocyte differentiation.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study7

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In BCG-inoculated mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH reduced lesion epithelioid cytokeratine-positive cells relative to young phagocytes after seven days.

    In plain wordsIn mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH reduced lesion epithelioid cells relative to young phagocytes.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseEpithelioid cytokeratine-positive cells
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    BCG granuloma in male adult Balb/c mice
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    5CH, 1.6 × 10(-17) M · drinking waterAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After 7 days from inoculation, thymulin-treated mice presented reduction in the number of epithelioid cytokeratine-positive cells (P = 0.0001) in the lesion, in relation to young phagocytes.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated.
    Summary · context
    During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M).
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In BCG-inoculated mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased peritoneal B1 cell differentiation into phagocytes compared with vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased B1 cell development into phagocytes compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseB1 cell differentiation into phagocytes
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    BCG granuloma in male adult Balb/c mice
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    5CH, 1.6 × 10(-17) M · drinking waterAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After 21 days, the differentiation of B1 peritoneal stem cells into phagocytes reached the peak, being higher in thymulin-treated mice (P = 0.0001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated.
    Summary · context
    During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In BCG-inoculated mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH decreased the lesion infected-phagocyte score compared with vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH reduced the infected-phagocyte score compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseInfected phagocyte score
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    BCG granuloma in male adult Balb/c mice
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection
    Studied dose
    5CH, 1.6 × 10(-17) M · drinking waterAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Simultaneously, the score of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (P = 0.001), and the number of B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in relation to control (P = 0.0001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated.
    Summary · context
    During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In BCG-inoculated mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased local lymph node B1-derived phagocytes compared with control.

    In plain wordsIn mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased B1-derived phagocytes in local lymph nodes compared with control.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLymph node B1-derived phagocytes
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    BCG granuloma in male adult Balb/c mice
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    5CH, 1.6 × 10(-17) M · drinking waterAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Simultaneously, the score of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (P = 0.001), and the number of B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in relation to control (P = 0.0001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated.
    Summary · context
    During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M).
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In BCG-inoculated mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased local lymph node CD4+ T lymphocytes compared with control.

    In plain wordsIn mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased CD4+ T cells in local lymph nodes compared with control.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLymph node CD4+ T cells
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    BCG granuloma in male adult Balb/c mice
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    5CH, 1.6 × 10(-17) M · drinking waterAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Simultaneously, the score of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (P = 0.001), and the number of B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in relation to control (P = 0.0001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated.
    Summary · context
    During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M).
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In BCG-inoculated mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased local lymph node CD8+ T lymphocytes compared with control.

    In plain wordsIn mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH increased CD8+ T cells in local lymph nodes compared with control.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLymph node CD8+ T cells
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    BCG granuloma in male adult Balb/c mice
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    5CH, 1.6 × 10(-17) M · drinking waterAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Simultaneously, the score of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (P = 0.001), and the number of B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in relation to control (P = 0.0001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated.
    Summary · context
    During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M).
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In BCG-inoculated mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH did not change CD25+ Treg cells versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice, homeopathic thymulin 5CH did not change CD25+ Treg cells compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeCD25+ Treg cells
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    BCG granuloma in male adult Balb/c mice
    Comparator
    Vehicle
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    5CH, 1.6 × 10(-17) M · drinking waterAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No difference was seen on the CD25+ Treg cells.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma, which was quantitatively evaluated.
    Summary · context
    During all experimental periods, thymulin 5CH and vehicle (control) were given ad libitum to mice, diluted into the drinking water (1.6 × 10(-17) M).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    21 Oct 2026, 13:55 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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