Skip to content

Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2012

2 results

Streptococcus pyogenes infection of tonsil explants is associated with a human β-defensin 1 response from control but not recurrent acute tonsillitis patients.

Bell S, Howard A, Wilson JA, Abbot EL, Smith WD, Townes CL, Hirst BH, Hall J

Molecular oral microbiology13 Feb 2012Cited by 18 (Europe PMC)

PMID22520386 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.640.x (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-22520386
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 2 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In 54 excised tonsils, hCAP-18 mRNA expression did not differ significantly between recurrent acute tonsillitis patients and controls.

    In plain wordsIn tonsils from patients with recurrent tonsillitis and from controls, the body's own hCAP-18 levels did not differ significantly.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    No significant changehCAP-18 mRNA expression in tonsils, recurrent tonsillitis versus control
    Study

    n = 54

    Comparator
    Control patients
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Marked variation in expression was observed between individuals from the two groups, but statistically no significant differences were identified, suggesting that at the time of surgery the tonsil epithelial HDP barrier was not compromised in RAT subjects.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To address this, the defensin and hCAP-18 messenger RNA expression profiles of 54 tonsils excised from control and RAT patients undergoing tonsillectomy were quantified and compared.

    This result measures the body's own LL-37. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    In HaCaT cells challenged with S. pyogenes, expression of hCAP-18/LL‑37 was reduced.

    In plain wordsIn cells, infection with S. pyogenes lowered the cells' own hCAP-18/LL‑37 expression.

    Peptide
    LL-37
    Outcome
    DecreasehCAP-18/LL-37 expression in HaCaT cells after S. pyogenes challenge
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    HaCaT cells (in vitro tonsil epithelium model)
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The HaCaT data supported the reduced expression of hCAP-18/LL-37, human β-defensin 1 (HBD1;P < 0.01) and HBD2 (P < 0.05), consistent with decreased protection of the epithelial barrier.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Surgical removal of the tonsils occurs in a quiescent phase of disease, and so to assess the effects of an active bacterial infection, HaCaT cells an in vitro model of the tonsil epithelium, and explants of patient tonsils maintained in vitro were challenged with S. pyogenes.

    This result measures the body's own LL-37. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:50 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.