Thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for the nasal administration of leuprolide: bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characterization.

Shahnaz G, Vetter A, Barthelmes J, Rahmat D, Laffleur F, Iqbal J, Perera G, Schlocker W, Dünnhaput S, Augustijns P, Bernkop-Schnürch A

International journal of pharmaceutics5 Mar 2012Cited by 62 (Europe PMC)

PMID22421322DOI10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.044PepBankPUB-22421322

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Leuprolide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Leuprolide.

01AnimalNot a test of Leuprolide aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, thiolated nanoparticles improved leuprolide transport compared with leuprolide solution.
In plain wordsIn rats, thiolated nanoparticles improved leuprolide transport compared with leuprolide solution.
Peptide
Leuprolide
Outcome
IncreaseLeuprolide transport
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Comparator
Nasal leuprolide solution
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The results of a pharmacokinetic study in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed improved transport of leuprolide from thiolated NPs as compared to leuprolide solution.
In this study, Leuprolide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2242132201
02AnimalNot a test of Leuprolide aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, leuprolide thiolated nanoparticles increased area under the curve 6.9-fold compared with nasal solution.
In plain wordsIn rats, leuprolide thiolated nanoparticles increased drug exposure 6.9-fold compared with nasal solution.
Peptide
Leuprolide
Outcome
IncreaseArea under the curve
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Comparator
Nasal leuprolide solution
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Thiolated NPs had a 6.9-fold increase in area under the curve, more than 4-fold increase in elimination half-life, and a ∼3.8-fold increase in maximum plasma concentration compared to nasal solution alone.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The results of a pharmacokinetic study in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed improved transport of leuprolide from thiolated NPs as compared to leuprolide solution.
In this study, Leuprolide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2242132202
03AnimalNot a test of Leuprolide aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, leuprolide thiolated nanoparticles increased elimination half-life more than 4-fold compared with nasal solution.
In plain wordsIn rats, leuprolide thiolated nanoparticles increased drug half-life more than 4-fold compared with nasal solution.
Peptide
Leuprolide
Outcome
IncreaseElimination half-life
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Comparator
Nasal leuprolide solution
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Thiolated NPs had a 6.9-fold increase in area under the curve, more than 4-fold increase in elimination half-life, and a ∼3.8-fold increase in maximum plasma concentration compared to nasal solution alone.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The results of a pharmacokinetic study in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed improved transport of leuprolide from thiolated NPs as compared to leuprolide solution.
In this study, Leuprolide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2242132203
04AnimalNot a test of Leuprolide aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, leuprolide thiolated nanoparticles increased maximum plasma concentration approximately 3.8-fold compared with nasal solution.
In plain wordsIn rats, leuprolide thiolated nanoparticles increased peak blood concentration approximately 3.8-fold compared with nasal solution.
Peptide
Leuprolide
Outcome
IncreaseMaximum plasma concentration
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Comparator
Nasal leuprolide solution
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Thiolated NPs had a 6.9-fold increase in area under the curve, more than 4-fold increase in elimination half-life, and a ∼3.8-fold increase in maximum plasma concentration compared to nasal solution alone.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The results of a pharmacokinetic study in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed improved transport of leuprolide from thiolated NPs as compared to leuprolide solution.
In this study, Leuprolide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2242132204
05AnimalNot a test of Leuprolide aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In rats, relative nasal leuprolide bioavailability versus subcutaneous injection was about 19.6% with thiolated nanoparticles versus 2.8% with solution.
In plain wordsIn rats, relative nasal leuprolide bioavailability was about 19.6% with thiolated nanoparticles versus 2.8% with solution.
Peptide
Leuprolide
Outcome
IncreaseRelative nasal bioavailability
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Male Sprague-Dawley rats
Comparator
Nasal leuprolide solution
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The relative nasal bioavailability (versus s.c. injection) of leuprolide thiolated NPs calculated on the basis of AUC((0-6)) was about 19.6% as compared to leuprolide solution 2.8%.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The results of a pharmacokinetic study in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed improved transport of leuprolide from thiolated NPs as compared to leuprolide solution.
In this study, Leuprolide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Leuprolide.
Report a problemFND-2242132205

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:37 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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