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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2011

10 results

In vitro evaluation of compression-coated glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu2+)-loaded microparticles for colonic drug delivery.

Uğurlu T, Türkoğlu M, Özaydın T

Drug development and industrial pharmacy4 Apr 2011Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID21457130 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3109/03639045.2011.569934 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-21457130
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone10

In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  1. 01LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Surfactant ratio had a significant effect on the percent production yield of GHK‑Cu microparticles, which ranged from 72.22% to 80.84%.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the amount of surfactant changed how much microparticle product was made.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableProduction yield and surfactant ratio
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    production yield
    72.22 to 80.84%
    surfactant ratio 1.25 to 1.75 w/w

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results obtained implied that surfactant ratio had a significant effect on percent production yield (1.25 to 1.75 w/w; 72.22% to 80.84%)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  2. 02LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Cross-linking agent concentration had no significant effect on the percent production yield of the microparticles.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the cross-linking agent amount did not change the yield of the microparticles.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    No significant changeProduction yield and cross-linking agent concentration
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results obtained implied that surfactant ratio had a significant effect on percent production yield (1.25 to 1.75 w/w; 72.22% to 80.84%), but cross-linking agent concentration had not.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  3. 03LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    The entrapment efficiency of GHK‑Cu in the microparticles ranged from 58.25% to 78.37%.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the microparticles held 58.25% to 78.37% of the peptide.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableEntrapment efficiency
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    entrapment efficiency
    58.25 to 78.37%
    Zn-pectinate microparticles

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The entrapment efficiency (EE) was found to be in the range of 58.25-78.37%.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  4. 04LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    The drug-loading factor significantly increased entrapment efficiency.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, loading more peptide raised how much the microparticles held.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    IncreaseEntrapment efficiency and drug-loading factor
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The drug-loading factor significantly increased the EE
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  5. 05LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Higher cross-linking agent concentration decreased entrapment efficiency.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, more cross-linking agent lowered how much peptide the microparticles held.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    DecreaseEntrapment efficiency and cross-linking agent concentration
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    enhancement of cross-linking agent concentration decreased it.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  6. 06LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Release of GHK‑Cu in simulated intestinal fluid was strongly affected by cross-linking agent concentration and drug amount.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, how fast the peptide was released depended on the cross-linking agent amount and the drug amount.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableRelease in simulated intestinal fluid and formulation factors
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The release of GHK-Cu(2+) from Zn-pectinate microparticles (F1-F8) in simulated intestinal fluid was strongly affected by cross-linking agent concentration and drug amount
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  7. 07LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Release of GHK‑Cu from the microparticles was not particularly affected by surfactant amount.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the surfactant amount did not much change how fast the peptide was released.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    No significant changeRelease and surfactant amount
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but not particularly affected by surfactant amount.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  8. 08LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    The microparticles released 50-80% of their drug load within 4 h.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the microparticles released 50% to 80% of their peptide within 4 hours.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableDrug release within 4 h
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    drug released
    50 to 80%
    within 4 h

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Release profiles represented that the microparticles released 50-80% their drug load within 4 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  9. 09LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Tablets prepared with 700 mg HPC-SL provided delayed release with a lag time of 6 h.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the coated tablets delayed peptide release for 6 hours.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableLag time of colonic delivery tablets
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    lag time
    6 h
    tablets with 700 mg HPC-SL

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The optimum colonic delivery tablets prepared with 700 mg HPC-SL provided the expected delayed release with a lag time of 6 h.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

  10. 10LabNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    Polymer viscosity and coat weight were crucial for the optimum delay of lag time of GHK‑Cu release.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the coat thickness and polymer type decided how long peptide release was delayed.

    Peptide
    GHK-Cu
    Outcome
    Not applicableRelease lag time and coat properties
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The effects of polymer viscosity and coat weight on GHK-Cu(2+) release were found to be crucial for the optimum delay of lag time.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu(2+))-loaded Zn-pectinate microparticles in the form of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) compression-coated tablets were prepared and their in vitro behavior tested.

    In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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