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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · 2010

5 results

Brain Activation by Peptide Pro-Leu-Gly-NH(2) (MIF-1).

Khan RS, Yu C, Kastin AJ, He Y, Ehrensing RH, Hsuchou H, Stone KP, Pan W

International journal of peptides28 Mar 2010Cited by 11 (Europe PMC)

PMID20721355 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC2915805 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1155/2010/537639 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-20721355
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Summary

MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH(2)) is a tripeptide for which the therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease and depression has been indicated by many studies. However, the cellular mechanisms of action of MIF-1 are not yet clear. Here, we show the specific brain regions responsive to MIF-1 treatment by c-Fos mapping, and determine the kinetics of cellular signaling by western blotting of pERK, pSTAT3, and c-Fos in cultured neurons. The immunoreactivity of c-Fos was increased 4 hours after MIF-1 treatment in brain regions critically involved in the regulation of mood, anxiety, depression, and memory. The number of cells activated was greater after peripheral treatment (intravenous delivery) than after intracerebroventricular injection. In cultured SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, c-Fos was induced time- and dose-dependently. The activation of cellular c-Fos was preceded by a transient increase of mitogen-activated protein kinase pERK but a reduction of phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (pSTAT3) initially. We conclude that MIF-1 can modulate multiple cellular signals including pERK, and pSTAT3 to activate c-Fos. The cellular activation in specific brain regions illustrates the biochemical and neuroanatomical basis underlying the therapeutic effect of MIF-1 in Parkinson's disease and depression.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study5

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In brain mapping experiments, MIF‑1 increased c-Fos immunoreactivity after 4 hours in regions associated with mood, anxiety, depression, and memory.

    In plain wordsIn animals, MIF‑1 increased a marker of brain cell activation after treatment.

    Peptide
    MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
    Outcome
    IncreaseBrain c-Fos immunoreactivity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    brain c-Fos mapping
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 hoursAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The immunoreactivity of c-Fos was increased 4 hours after MIF-1 treatment in brain regions critically involved in the regulation of mood, anxiety, depression, and memory.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In brain mapping experiments, intravenous MIF‑1 activated more cells than intracerebroventricular MIF‑1 injection.

    In plain wordsIn animals, intravenous MIF‑1 activated more brain cells than injection into the brain ventricles.

    Peptide
    MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNumber of activated brain cells
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    brain c-Fos mapping
    Comparator
    intracerebroventricular MIF-1 injection
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The number of cells activated was greater after peripheral treatment (intravenous delivery) than after intracerebroventricular injection.
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured SH-SY5Y neurons, MIF‑1 induced c-Fos in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

    In plain wordsIn cells, MIF‑1 increased c-Fos with effects that depended on time and dose.

    Peptide
    MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCellular c-Fos induction
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    SH-SY5Y neuronal cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In cultured SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, c-Fos was induced time- and dose-dependently.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured neurons, MIF‑1 produced a transient pERK increase before cellular c-Fos activation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, MIF‑1 briefly increased pERK before c-Fos activation.

    Peptide
    MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
    Outcome
    IncreasepERK signaling
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    SH-SY5Y neuronal cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The activation of cellular c-Fos was preceded by a transient increase of mitogen-activated protein kinase pERK but a reduction of phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (pSTAT3) initially.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Here, we show the specific brain regions responsive to MIF-1 treatment by c-Fos mapping, and determine the kinetics of cellular signaling by western blotting of pERK, pSTAT3, and c-Fos in cultured neurons.
    Summary · context
    In cultured SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, c-Fos was induced time- and dose-dependently.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured neurons, MIF‑1 initially reduced pSTAT3 before cellular c-Fos activation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, MIF‑1 initially reduced pSTAT3 before c-Fos activation.

    Peptide
    MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
    Outcome
    DecreasepSTAT3 signaling
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    SH-SY5Y neuronal cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The activation of cellular c-Fos was preceded by a transient increase of mitogen-activated protein kinase pERK but a reduction of phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (pSTAT3) initially.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Here, we show the specific brain regions responsive to MIF-1 treatment by c-Fos mapping, and determine the kinetics of cellular signaling by western blotting of pERK, pSTAT3, and c-Fos in cultured neurons.
    Summary · context
    In cultured SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, c-Fos was induced time- and dose-dependently.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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