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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rodents · 2010

14 results

AICAR and metformin, but not exercise, increase muscle glucose transport through AMPK-, ERK-, and PDK1-dependent activation of atypical PKC.

Sajan MP, Bandyopadhyay G, Miura A, Standaert ML, Nimal S, Longnus SL, Van Obberghen E, Hainault I, Foufelle F, Kahn R, Braun U, Leitges M, Farese RV

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism3 Nov 2009Cited by 77 (Europe PMC)

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In intact rodents, AICAR activated aPKC in muscle.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, AICAR activated aPKC in muscle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMuscle aPKC activation
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Intact rodents
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Finally, in intact rodents, AICAR and metformin activated aPKC in muscle, but not in liver, despite activating AMPK in both tissues.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In intact rodents, AICAR did not activate aPKC in liver.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, AICAR did not activate aPKC in the liver.

    Outcome
    No significant changeLiver aPKC activation
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Intact rodents
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Finally, in intact rodents, AICAR and metformin activated aPKC in muscle, but not in liver, despite activating AMPK in both tissues.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In intact rodents, AICAR activated AMPK in muscle.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, AICAR activated AMPK in muscle.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMuscle AMPK activation
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Intact rodents
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Finally, in intact rodents, AICAR and metformin activated aPKC in muscle, but not in liver, despite activating AMPK in both tissues.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In intact rodents, AICAR activated AMPK in liver.

    In plain wordsIn rodents, AICAR activated AMPK in the liver.

    Outcome
    IncreaseLiver AMPK activation
    Study

    rodentsn: not reported in source

    Intact rodents
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Finally, in intact rodents, AICAR and metformin activated aPKC in muscle, but not in liver, despite activating AMPK in both tissues.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone10

In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  1. 05AnimalNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice, muscle-specific aPKC depletion impaired AICAR-stimulated glucose disposal.

    In plain wordsIn mice, muscle aPKC gene depletion reduced the glucose disposal response to AICAR.

    Outcome
    DecreaseGlucose disposal after aPKC depletion
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle-specific aPKC-depleted mice
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In mice, muscle-specific aPKC (PKC-lambda) depletion by conditional gene targeting impaired AICAR-stimulated glucose disposal

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  2. 06AnimalNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice, muscle-specific aPKC depletion impaired muscle glucose uptake stimulated by AICAR and metformin.

    In plain wordsIn mice, muscle aPKC gene depletion reduced muscle glucose uptake stimulated by AICAR and metformin.

    Outcome
    DecreaseMuscle glucose uptake after aPKC depletion
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle-specific aPKC-depleted mice
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In mice, muscle-specific aPKC (PKC-lambda) depletion by conditional gene targeting impaired AICAR-stimulated glucose disposal and stimulatory effects of both AICAR and metformin on 2-deoxyglucose/glucose uptake in muscle in vivo

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  3. 07AnimalNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with muscle-specific aPKC depletion, AMPK activation remained unimpaired during AICAR experiments.

    In plain wordsIn mice, muscle aPKC gene depletion did not impair AMPK activation during AICAR experiments.

    Outcome
    No significant changeAMPK activation after aPKC depletion
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Muscle-specific aPKC-depleted mice
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    however, AMPK activation was unimpaired.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In mice, muscle-specific aPKC (PKC-lambda) depletion by conditional gene targeting impaired

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  4. 08LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle, aPKC depletion impaired AICAR-stimulated deoxyglucose uptake.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on mouse muscle, aPKC gene depletion reduced deoxyglucose uptake stimulated by AICAR.

    Outcome
    DecreaseIsolated muscle glucose uptake after aPKC depletion
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle with aPKC depletion
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and AICAR stimulation of 2-[(3)H]deoxyglucose uptake in isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle;
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In mice, muscle-specific aPKC (PKC-lambda) depletion by conditional gene targeting impaired

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  5. 09LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured L6 myotubes, AICAR-induced aPKC activation required AMPK activation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR required AMPK activation to activate aPKC.

    Outcome
    Not applicableAMPK-dependent aPKC activation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Cultured L6 myotubes
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Here, in cultured L6 myotubes: AICAR- and metformin-induced activation of AMPK was required for activation of aPKC and ERK;

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  6. 10LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured L6 myotubes, AICAR-induced ERK activation required AMPK activation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, AICAR required AMPK activation to activate ERK.

    Outcome
    Not applicableAMPK-dependent ERK activation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Cultured L6 myotubes
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Here, in cultured L6 myotubes: AICAR- and metformin-induced activation of AMPK was required for activation of aPKC and ERK;

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  7. 11LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured L6 myotubes, aPKC activation under AICAR or metformin involved and required PDK1 phosphorylation of Thr410-PKC-zeta.

    In plain wordsIn cells, aPKC activation under AICAR or metformin required PDK1 phosphorylation of Thr410-PKC-zeta.

    Outcome
    Not applicablePDK1 requirement for aPKC activation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Cultured L6 myotubes
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    aPKC activation involved and required phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) phosphorylation of Thr410-PKC-zeta;

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  8. 12LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured L6 myotubes, aPKC Thr410 phosphorylation under AICAR or metformin required MEK1-dependent ERK.

    In plain wordsIn cells, aPKC Thr410 phosphorylation under AICAR or metformin required MEK1-dependent ERK.

    Outcome
    Not applicableERK requirement for aPKC Thr410 phosphorylation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Cultured L6 myotubes
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    aPKC Thr410 phosphorylation and activation also required MEK1-dependent ERK;

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  9. 13LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured L6 myotubes, aPKC activation under AICAR or metformin required MEK1-dependent ERK.

    In plain wordsIn cells, aPKC activation under AICAR or metformin required MEK1-dependent ERK.

    Outcome
    Not applicableERK requirement for aPKC activation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Cultured L6 myotubes
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    aPKC Thr410 phosphorylation and activation also required MEK1-dependent ERK;

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

  10. 14LabNot a test of AICAR (acadesine) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In L6 myotubes, AMPK, PDK1, MEK1 or PKC-zeta disruption inhibited glucose transport effects of AICAR and metformin.

    In plain wordsIn cells, disruption of AMPK, PDK1, MEK1 or PKC-zeta reduced glucose transport effects of AICAR and metformin.

    Outcome
    DecreaseGlucose transport after pathway disruption
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Cultured L6 myotubes
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and glucose transport effects of AICAR and metformin were inhibited by expression of dominant-negative AMPK, kinase-inactive PDK1, MEK1 inhibitors, kinase-inactive PKC-zeta, and RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of PKC-zeta.

    In this study, AICAR (acadesine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking AICAR (acadesine).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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