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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2009

11 results

Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 suppresses vascular oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice but does not reduce atherosclerosis.

Titterington JS, Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Vaughn C, Bowers C, Delafontaine P

Endocrinology9 Oct 2009Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID19819949 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1210/en.2009-0283 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-19819949
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

11 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In ApoE-/- mice, GHRP‑2 increased circulating IGF-I 1.2- to 1.6-fold.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to artery disease, GHRP‑2 raised blood IGF-I levels.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseCirculating IGF-I
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    ApoE-/- mice
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    20 microg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 increased circulating IGF-I 1.2- to 1.6-fold
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To determine its potential antiatherogenic effects, GHRP-2 (20 microg twice daily) was administered sc to ApoE(-/-) mice for 12 wk.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In ApoE-/- mice, GHRP‑2 decreased circulating interferon-gamma by 66%.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to artery disease, GHRP‑2 lowered blood interferon-gamma, an inflammation marker.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseCirculating interferon-gamma
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    ApoE-/- mice
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    20 microg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Measurements

    Circulating interferon-gamma decrease
    66%
    GHRP-2

    Source sentences

    Summary
    decreased circulating interferon-gamma by 66%.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To determine its potential antiatherogenic effects, GHRP-2 (20 microg twice daily) was administered sc to ApoE(-/-) mice for 12 wk.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In ApoE-/- mice, GHRP‑2 did not alter atherosclerotic plaque area.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to artery disease, GHRP‑2 did not change the size of artery plaques.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    No significant changeAtherosclerotic plaque area
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    ApoE-/- mice
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    20 microg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 did not alter atherosclerotic plaque area, it decreased aortic production of superoxide as assessed by dihydroethidium staining.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To determine its potential antiatherogenic effects, GHRP-2 (20 microg twice daily) was administered sc to ApoE(-/-) mice for 12 wk.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In ApoE-/- mice, GHRP‑2 decreased aortic production of superoxide, assessed by dihydroethidium staining.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to artery disease, GHRP‑2 lowered superoxide, a harmful oxygen molecule, in the aorta.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseAortic superoxide production
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    ApoE-/- mice
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    20 microg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    it decreased aortic production of superoxide as assessed by dihydroethidium staining.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To determine its potential antiatherogenic effects, GHRP-2 (20 microg twice daily) was administered sc to ApoE(-/-) mice for 12 wk.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ApoE-/- mice, GHRP‑2 decreased aortic gene expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase by 92%.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to artery disease, GHRP‑2 lowered activity of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene in the aorta.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseAortic 12/15-lipoxygenase gene expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    ApoE-/- mice
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    20 microg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Measurements

    12/15-lipoxygenase aortic expression decrease
    92%
    GHRP-2

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 decreased aortic gene expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase by 92% and reduced the aortic expression of interferon-gamma and macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To determine its potential antiatherogenic effects, GHRP-2 (20 microg twice daily) was administered sc to ApoE(-/-) mice for 12 wk.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ApoE-/- mice, GHRP‑2 reduced the aortic expression of interferon-gamma.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to artery disease, GHRP‑2 lowered interferon-gamma activity in the aorta.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseAortic interferon-gamma expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    ApoE-/- mice
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    20 microg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced the aortic expression of interferon-gamma and macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To determine its potential antiatherogenic effects, GHRP-2 (20 microg twice daily) was administered sc to ApoE(-/-) mice for 12 wk.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In ApoE-/- mice, GHRP‑2 reduced the aortic expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor.

    In plain wordsIn mice prone to artery disease, GHRP‑2 lowered macrophage migration inhibitory factor activity in the aorta.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseAortic macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    ApoE-/- mice
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    20 microg twice daily · subcutaneous · 12 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    reduced the aortic expression of interferon-gamma and macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To determine its potential antiatherogenic effects, GHRP-2 (20 microg twice daily) was administered sc to ApoE(-/-) mice for 12 wk.
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured aortic smooth muscle cells, GHRP‑2 prevented the OxLDL-induced generation of peroxides.

    In plain wordsIn cells from artery wall, GHRP‑2 prevented the build-up of peroxides caused by oxidized cholesterol particles.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxLDL-induced peroxide generation in aortic smooth muscle cells
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    cultured aortic smooth muscle cells
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 prevented the OxLDL-induced generation of peroxides, down-regulation of IGF-I receptor, and apoptosis.
  9. 09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured aortic smooth muscle cells, GHRP‑2 prevented the OxLDL-induced down-regulation of the IGF-I receptor.

    In plain wordsIn cells from artery wall, GHRP‑2 prevented the loss of IGF-I receptors caused by oxidized cholesterol particles.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseOxLDL-induced IGF-I receptor down-regulation in aortic smooth muscle cells
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    cultured aortic smooth muscle cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 prevented the OxLDL-induced generation of peroxides, down-regulation of IGF-I receptor, and apoptosis.
  10. 10LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In cultured aortic smooth muscle cells, GHRP‑2 prevented OxLDL-induced apoptosis.

    In plain wordsIn cells from artery wall, GHRP‑2 prevented cell death caused by oxidized cholesterol particles.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxLDL-induced apoptosis in aortic smooth muscle cells
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    cultured aortic smooth muscle cells
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GHRP-2 prevented the OxLDL-induced generation of peroxides, down-regulation of IGF-I receptor, and apoptosis.
  11. 11LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In macrophages, GHRP‑2 reduced lipid accumulation with OxLDL exposure.

    In plain wordsIn immune cells called macrophages, GHRP‑2 reduced fat build-up after exposure to oxidized cholesterol particles.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    DecreaseLipid accumulation in macrophages with OxLDL exposure
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    macrophages
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In macrophages, GHRP-2 reduced lipid accumulation with OxLDL exposure.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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