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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2008

15 results

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside prevents leucine-stimulated protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle.

Pruznak AM, Kazi AA, Frost RA, Vary TC, Lang CH

The Journal of nutrition1 Oct 2008Cited by 47 (Europe PMC)

PMID18806097 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC2596722 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1093/jn/138.10.1887 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-18806097
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

15 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR increased AMPK phosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR increased AMPK phosphorylation compared with saline.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAMPK phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Efficacy of AICAR was verified by increased AMPK phosphorylation.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR decreased basal gastrocnemius protein synthesis.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced resting muscle protein production compared with saline.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBasal muscle protein synthesis
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR decreased basal in vivo muscle (gastrocnemius) protein synthesis and completely prevented the leucine-induced increase, independent of a change in muscle adenine nucleotide concentration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR completely prevented the leucine-induced increase in muscle protein synthesis.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR prevented increased muscle protein production compared with leucine without AICAR.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLeucine-stimulated protein synthesis
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Leucine without AICAR
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR decreased basal in vivo muscle (gastrocnemius) protein synthesis and completely prevented the leucine-induced increase, independent of a change in muscle adenine nucleotide concentration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR inhibition of muscle protein synthesis occurred without a change in muscle adenine nucleotide concentration.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced protein production without changing muscle adenine nucleotide concentration.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    No significant changeMuscle adenine nucleotide concentration
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR decreased basal in vivo muscle (gastrocnemius) protein synthesis and completely prevented the leucine-induced increase, independent of a change in muscle adenine nucleotide concentration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR prevented leucine-induced 4E-BP1 hyperphosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation compared with leucine without AICAR.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    Decrease4E-BP1 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Leucine without AICAR
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR also prevented the hyperphosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), S6, and eIF4G in response to leucine, suggesting a decrease in mTOR activity.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR prevented leucine-induced S6K1 hyperphosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced S6K1 phosphorylation compared with leucine without AICAR.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseS6K1 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Leucine without AICAR
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR also prevented the hyperphosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), S6, and eIF4G in response to leucine, suggesting a decrease in mTOR activity.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR prevented leucine-induced S6 hyperphosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced S6 phosphorylation compared with leucine without AICAR.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseS6 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Leucine without AICAR
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR also prevented the hyperphosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), S6, and eIF4G in response to leucine, suggesting a decrease in mTOR activity.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR prevented leucine-induced eIF4G hyperphosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR reduced eIF4G phosphorylation compared with leucine without AICAR.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseeIF4G phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Leucine without AICAR
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AICAR also prevented the hyperphosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein (4E-BP1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1), S6, and eIF4G in response to leucine, suggesting a decrease in mTOR activity.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR prevented leucine-induced redistribution of eIF4E from the inactive to the active complex.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR prevented eIF4E movement to its active complex compared with leucine without AICAR.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseeIF4E complex redistribution
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Leucine without AICAR
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, AICAR prevented the leucine-induced redistribution of eIF4E from the inactive eIF4E.4E-BP1 to the active eIF4E.eIF4G complex.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve a change in TSC2 phosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve changed TSC2 phosphorylation.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    No significant changeTSC2 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This ability of AICAR to produce muscle leucine resistance could not be attributed to a change in phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, the formation of a TSC1.TSC2 complex, the binding of raptor with mTOR, or the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve changed TSC1-TSC2 complex formation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve changed TSC1-TSC2 complex formation.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    No significant changeTSC1-TSC2 complex formation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This ability of AICAR to produce muscle leucine resistance could not be attributed to a change in phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, the formation of a TSC1.TSC2 complex, the binding of raptor with mTOR, or the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve changed raptor binding to mTOR.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve changed raptor binding to mTOR.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    No significant changeRaptor-mTOR binding
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This ability of AICAR to produce muscle leucine resistance could not be attributed to a change in phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, the formation of a TSC1.TSC2 complex, the binding of raptor with mTOR, or the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  13. 13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve changed eukaryotic elongation factor-2 phosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR-induced leucine resistance did not involve changed eukaryotic elongation factor-2 phosphorylation.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    No significant changeeEF2 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This ability of AICAR to produce muscle leucine resistance could not be attributed to a change in phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, the formation of a TSC1.TSC2 complex, the binding of raptor with mTOR, or the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  14. 14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR inhibitory actions were associated with reduced phosphorylation of proline-rich Akt substrate-40.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR inhibition was linked to reduced PRAS40 phosphorylation compared with control.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    DecreasePRAS40 phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, the inhibitory actions of AICAR were associated with reduced phosphorylation of proline-rich Akt substrate-40 and increased phosphorylation of raptor, which represent potential mechanisms by which AICAR might be expected to inhibit leucine-induced increases in mTOR activity and protein synt…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).
  15. 15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, AICAR inhibitory actions were associated with increased raptor phosphorylation.

    In plain wordsIn rats, AICAR inhibition was linked to increased raptor phosphorylation compared with control.

    Peptide
    AICAR (acadesine)
    Outcome
    IncreaseRaptor phosphorylation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Skeletal muscle
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · injectionAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, the inhibitory actions of AICAR were associated with reduced phosphorylation of proline-rich Akt substrate-40 and increased phosphorylation of raptor, which represent potential mechanisms by which AICAR might be expected to inhibit leucine-induced increases in mTOR activity and protein synt…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Rats were injected with AICAR or saline (Sal) and 1 h thereafter received an oral gavage of leucine (or Sal).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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