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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rabbit · 2008

16 results

Combined effects of recombinant human BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) and parathyroid hormone (1-34) in metaphyseal bone healing.

Morgan EF, Mason ZD, Bishop G, Davis AD, Wigner NA, Gerstenfeld LC, Einhorn TA

Bone9 Aug 2008Cited by 38 (Europe PMC)

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study16

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased mineralized callus volume versus BMP-7 alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased mineralized callus volume compared with BMP-7 alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseMineralized volume versus BMP-7
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    BMP-7 alone
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    10 microg/kg daily · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BV and BMC were also higher in the combined treatment group as compared to the BMP-7 group (p<0.02);
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased BMC versus BMP-7 alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased bone mineral content compared with BMP-7 alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseBMC versus BMP-7
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    BMP-7 alone
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    10 microg/kg daily · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BV and BMC were also higher in the combined treatment group as compared to the BMP-7 group (p<0.02);
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, tissue mineral density was lower with BMP-7 plus PTH than with BMP-7 alone, which had the highest density.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, tissue mineral density was lower with BMP-7 plus PTH than with BMP-7 alone.

    Outcome
    DecreaseTissue mineral density
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    BMP-7 alone
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    10 microg/kg daily · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    BV and BMC were also higher in the combined treatment group as compared to the BMP-7 group (p<0.02); however, tissue mineral density was highest in the BMP-7 group (p=0.002).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, PTH promoted bone formation throughout the defect and surrounding regions, whereas BMP-7 formation largely remained at the defect.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, PTH promoted bone formation around and within the defect, while BMP-7 bone formation largely remained within the defect.

    Outcome
    Not applicableDistribution of new bone
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    BMP-7 group
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    10 microg/kg daily · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    New bone formation in the BMP-7 group was largely restricted to the defect site, while PTH promoted bone formation throughout the defect and surrounding regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased torsional rigidity versus BMP-7 alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased resistance to twisting compared with BMP-7 alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseTorsional rigidity versus BMP-7
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    BMP-7 alone
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    10 microg/kg daily · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment also resulted in increased torsional rigidity and compressive strength as compared to the control and BMP-7 groups (p<0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased compressive strength versus BMP-7 alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, adding PTH to BMP-7 increased compressive strength compared with BMP-7 alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseCompressive strength versus BMP-7
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    BMP-7 alone
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
    Studied dose
    10 microg/kg daily · subcutaneous · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rabbit).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment also resulted in increased torsional rigidity and compressive strength as compared to the control and BMP-7 groups (p<0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone10

In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  1. 07AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased callus total volume versus TCP alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased total callus volume compared with TCP alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseCallus total volume
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    TCP alone control
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment with rhBMP-7 and PTH resulted in increased callus total volume (TV), mineralized volume (BV), average cross-sectional area, and bone mineral content (BMC) as compared to the control group (p<0.02).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  2. 08AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased callus mineralized volume versus TCP alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased mineralized callus volume compared with TCP alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseCallus mineralized volume versus control
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    TCP alone control
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment with rhBMP-7 and PTH resulted in increased callus total volume (TV), mineralized volume (BV), average cross-sectional area, and bone mineral content (BMC) as compared to the control group (p<0.02).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  3. 09AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased average callus cross-sectional area versus TCP alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased callus cross-sectional area compared with TCP alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseCallus cross-sectional area
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    TCP alone control
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment with rhBMP-7 and PTH resulted in increased callus total volume (TV), mineralized volume (BV), average cross-sectional area, and bone mineral content (BMC) as compared to the control group (p<0.02).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  4. 10AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased callus BMC versus TCP alone.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased callus bone mineral content compared with TCP alone.

    Outcome
    IncreaseCallus BMC versus control
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    TCP alone control
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment with rhBMP-7 and PTH resulted in increased callus total volume (TV), mineralized volume (BV), average cross-sectional area, and bone mineral content (BMC) as compared to the control group (p<0.02).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  5. 11AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased woven trabecular bone quantities.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased woven trabecular bone quantities.

    Outcome
    IncreaseWoven trabecular bone quantity
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment led to greater quantities of woven trabecular bone, increased trabecular thickness, decreased trabecular separation (p<0.04), and a trend towards increased numbers of osteoclasts (p=0.09).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  6. 12AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased trabecular thickness.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased bone trabecular thickness.

    Outcome
    IncreaseTrabecular thickness
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment led to greater quantities of woven trabecular bone, increased trabecular thickness, decreased trabecular separation (p<0.04), and a trend towards increased numbers of osteoclasts (p=0.09).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  7. 13AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH decreased trabecular separation.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH reduced spaces between bone trabeculae.

    Outcome
    DecreaseTrabecular separation
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment led to greater quantities of woven trabecular bone, increased trabecular thickness, decreased trabecular separation (p<0.04), and a trend towards increased numbers of osteoclasts (p=0.09).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  8. 14AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH showed a nonsignificant trend toward more osteoclasts.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH showed a nonsignificant trend toward more bone-resorbing cells.

    Outcome
    No significant changeOsteoclast number
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment led to greater quantities of woven trabecular bone, increased trabecular thickness, decreased trabecular separation (p<0.04), and a trend towards increased numbers of osteoclasts (p=0.09).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  9. 15AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased torsional rigidity versus control.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased resistance to twisting compared with control.

    Outcome
    IncreaseTorsional rigidity versus control
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    TCP alone control
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment also resulted in increased torsional rigidity and compressive strength as compared to the control and BMP-7 groups (p<0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

  10. 16AnimalNot a test of Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased compressive strength versus control.

    In plain wordsIn rabbits, BMP-7 plus PTH increased compressive strength compared with control.

    Outcome
    IncreaseCompressive strength versus control
    Study

    rabbitn: not reported in source

    Distal tibial metaphyseal defect in female New Zealand white rabbits
    Comparator
    TCP alone control
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined treatment also resulted in increased torsional rigidity and compressive strength as compared to the control and BMP-7 groups (p<0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A wedge-shaped defect was created in the lateral aspect of the distal tibia in female New Zealand white rabbits (n=64) and was filled with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Animals were assigned to four groups: 1) BMP-7 and PTH; 2) BMP-7; 3) PTH; and 4) control (TCP alone).
    Summary · context
    Animals received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 microg/kg PTH(1-34) (groups 1 and 3) or saline (groups 2 and 4). Healing at 4 weeks was assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing.

    In this study, Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Teriparatide (PTH 1-34).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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