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Study · In vitro (cell-free) · 2008

5 results

Acrolein sequestering ability of the endogenous tripeptide glycyl-histidyl-lysine (GHK): characterization of conjugation products by ESI-MSn and theoretical calculations.

Beretta G, Arlandini E, Artali R, Anton JM, Maffei Facino R

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis10 Mar 2008Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID18378108 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.jpba.2008.02.012 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-18378108
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

1 result from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabIn vitro (cell-free)Activity measurement

    In laboratory reactions with GHK, acrolein completely disappeared after 4h.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, acrolein completely disappeared after reacting with GHK for 4h.

    Peptide
    GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAcrolein consumption
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    GHK and acrolein reaction in phosphate buffer
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mM · 4hAs given in this study.

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The reaction of ACR (30 microM) with GHK (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mM) was followed by measuring aldehyde consumption by reverse-phase HPLC (phosphate buffer, pH 7.4); after 4h, when the aldehyde had completely disappeared; the reaction products were checked by ESI-MS/MS.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone4

In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).

  1. 02LabNot a test of GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In laboratory tests, the GHK+ACR reaction produced several detected products.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the GHK and acrolein reaction produced several products.

    Peptide
    GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
    Outcome
    Not applicableReaction products
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    GHK and acrolein reaction in phosphate buffer
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Several products were detected in the GHK+ACR reaction (1:1).

    In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).

  2. 03LabNot a test of GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Mechanism

    In laboratory tests, the reaction cascade added up to 3 mol of acrolein to GHK, involving lysine and histidine groups.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, acrolein reacted sequentially with GHK at lysine and histidine groups.

    Peptide
    GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
    Outcome
    Not applicableSequential acrolein addition
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    GHK and acrolein reaction in phosphate buffer
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This indicates a complex reaction cascade involving the sequential addition of ACR (up to 3 mol) to the tripeptide GHK and, in particular, to the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue and to the N(tau) and N(pi) of the histidine moiety.

    In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).

  3. 04LabNot a test of GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Mechanism

    In laboratory tests, acrolein addition to GHK lysine preceded aldol condensation and dehydration, producing an N-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino) derivative.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, acrolein addition to GHK lysine led to condensation and dehydration that formed a derivative.

    Peptide
    GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
    Outcome
    Not applicableLysine reaction product formation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    GHK and acrolein reaction in phosphate buffer
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The Michael addition of two molecules of ACR to the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue is followed by aldol condensation and dehydration to give the N-(3-formyl-3,4-dehydropiperidino) derivative.

    In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).

  4. 05LabNot a test of GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In laboratory tests, direct-infusion ESI-MS/MS permitted rapid profiling of GHK+ACR reaction products.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, mass spectrometry rapidly profiled GHK and acrolein reaction products.

    Peptide
    GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine)
    Outcome
    Not applicableReaction product profiling
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    GHK and acrolein reaction in phosphate buffer
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results confirm that the ESI-MS/MS approach in a direct infusion experiment permits rapid profiling of the products of the GHK+ACR reaction.

    In this study, GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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