Anti-inflammatory effect of the ghrelin agonist growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) in arthritic rats.

Granado M, Priego T, Martín AI, Villanúa MA, López-Calderón A

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism26 Oct 2004Cited by 129 (Europe PMC)

PMID15507538DOI10.1152/ajpendo.00196.2004PepBankPUB-15507538

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats given Freund's adjuvant or control injection, GHRP‑2 administration increased serum leptin.
In plain wordsIn rats, daily GHRP‑2 raised blood leptin compared with saline.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
IncreaseSerum leptin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Freund's adjuvant arthritis and control Wistar rats
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Hormone levels · Endocrine and hormones
Studied dose
100 microg/kg · 8 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
whereas GHRP-2 administration increased serum concentrations of leptin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Male Wistar rats were injected with Freund's adjuvant, and 15 days later arthritic and control rats were daily injected with GHRP-2 (100 microg/kg) or with saline for 8 days.
Report a problemFND-1550753801
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In control rats, GHRP‑2 increased food intake.
In plain wordsIn rats without arthritis, GHRP‑2 made the animals eat more.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
IncreaseFood intake in control rats
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Freund's adjuvant arthritis and control Wistar rats
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
100 microg/kg · 8 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP-2 increased food intake in control rats but not in arthritic rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Male Wistar rats were injected with Freund's adjuvant, and 15 days later arthritic and control rats were daily injected with GHRP-2 (100 microg/kg) or with saline for 8 days.
Report a problemFND-1550753802
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In arthritic rats, GHRP‑2 did not increase food intake.
In plain wordsIn rats with arthritis, GHRP‑2 did not make the animals eat more.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
No significant changeFood intake in arthritic rats
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Freund's adjuvant arthritis and control Wistar rats
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Appetite and food intake · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
100 microg/kg · 8 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
but not in arthritic rats.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Male Wistar rats were injected with Freund's adjuvant, and 15 days later arthritic and control rats were daily injected with GHRP-2 (100 microg/kg) or with saline for 8 days.
Report a problemFND-1550753803
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In arthritic rats, GHRP‑2 lowered the arthritis score compared with saline.
In plain wordsIn rats with arthritis, GHRP‑2 lowered the arthritis score compared with saline.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
DecreaseArthritis score
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Freund's adjuvant arthritis and control Wistar rats
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
100 microg/kg · 8 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Arthritis score
10.4 score
GHRP-2 arthritic rats
Arthritis score
13.42 score
saline arthritic rats
Source sentences
Summary
However, in arthritic rats GHRP-2 administration ameliorated the external symptoms of arthritis, as it decreased the arthritis score (10.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 13.42 +/- 0.47, P < 0.01) and the paw volume.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Male Wistar rats were injected with Freund's adjuvant, and 15 days later arthritic and control rats were daily injected with GHRP-2 (100 microg/kg) or with saline for 8 days.
Report a problemFND-1550753804
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In arthritic rats, GHRP‑2 reduced paw volume compared with saline.
In plain wordsIn rats with arthritis, GHRP‑2 reduced paw swelling compared with saline.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
DecreasePaw volume
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Freund's adjuvant arthritis and control Wistar rats
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
100 microg/kg · 8 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
However, in arthritic rats GHRP-2 administration ameliorated the external symptoms of arthritis, as it decreased the arthritis score (10.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 13.42 +/- 0.47, P < 0.01) and the paw volume.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Male Wistar rats were injected with Freund's adjuvant, and 15 days later arthritic and control rats were daily injected with GHRP-2 (100 microg/kg) or with saline for 8 days.
Report a problemFND-1550753805
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In arthritic rats, GHRP‑2 treatment decreased serum IL-6 levels.
In plain wordsIn rats with arthritis, GHRP‑2 lowered blood IL-6, a marker of inflammation.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
DecreaseSerum IL-6
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Freund's adjuvant arthritis and control Wistar rats
Comparator
Saline
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
100 microg/kg · 8 daysAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
GHRP-2 treatment decreased the serum IL-6 levels (P < 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Male Wistar rats were injected with Freund's adjuvant, and 15 days later arthritic and control rats were daily injected with GHRP-2 (100 microg/kg) or with saline for 8 days.
Report a problemFND-1550753806
07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In peritoneal macrophage cultures, GHRP‑2 prevented endotoxin-induced IL-6 release.
In plain wordsIn cultured immune cells, GHRP‑2 prevented the release of IL-6 triggered by endotoxin.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
DecreaseEndotoxin-induced IL-6 release from macrophages
Study
n: not reported in source
Peritoneal macrophage cultures
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10(-7) MAs given in this study.
Source sentences
Summary
Both GHRP-2 (10(-7) M) and ghrelin (10(-7) M) prevented endotoxin-induced IL-6 and decreased nitrite/nitrate release from peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate whether GHRP-2 is able to modulate IL-6 release directly on immune cells, peritoneal macrophage cultures were incubated with GHRP-2 or ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor.
Report a problemFND-1550753807
08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In peritoneal macrophage cultures, GHRP‑2 decreased nitrite/nitrate release.
In plain wordsIn cultured immune cells, GHRP‑2 reduced the release of nitrite and nitrate.
Peptide
GHRP-2
Outcome
DecreaseNitrite/nitrate release from macrophages
Study
n: not reported in source
Peritoneal macrophage cultures
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Studied dose
10(-7) MAs given in this study.
Source sentences
Summary
Both GHRP-2 (10(-7) M) and ghrelin (10(-7) M) prevented endotoxin-induced IL-6 and decreased nitrite/nitrate release from peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate whether GHRP-2 is able to modulate IL-6 release directly on immune cells, peritoneal macrophage cultures were incubated with GHRP-2 or ghrelin, the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor.
Report a problemFND-1550753808

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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