Enhanced up-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in response to restraint stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of oxytocin gene-deficient male mice.

Nomura M, Saito J, Ueta Y, Muglia LJ, Pfaff DW, Ogawa S

Journal of neuroendocrinology1 Nov 2003Cited by 54 (Europe PMC)

PMID14622435DOI10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01095.xPepBankPUB-14622435

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In male mice, basal oxytocin mRNA in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei was significantly lower in heterozygous mice than in wild-type mice.
In plain wordsIn male mice with one working oxytocin gene copy, the body's own oxytocin gene signal was lower than in normal mice.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
DecreaseBasal oxytocin mRNA in PVN and supraoptic nucleus in heterozygous mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Unlike CRH mRNA, basal expression (in nonstressed control groups) of AVP mRNA in OTKO mice, as well as oxytocin mRNA in heterozygous mice, was significantly lower in the PVN and the supraoptic nucleus than in wild-type mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-1462243504
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In male wild-type and heterozygous mice, restraint stress did not change oxytocin mRNA in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei.
In plain wordsIn male mice, stress did not change the body's own oxytocin gene signal in two brain areas.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
No significant changeOxytocin mRNA after restraint stress in wild-type and heterozygous mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
After restraint stress, the expression of AVP mRNA was significantly increased in the PVN of OTKO mice compared to the nonstressed control group, whereas the expression of both AVP and oxytocin mRNA were unchanged in the PVN and the supraoptic nucleus of wild-type and heterozygous mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
This result measures the body's own Oxytocin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-1462243506

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Oxytocin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Oxytocin.

03AnimalNot a test of Oxytocin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In male mice, basal CRH mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus did not differ among oxytocin-knockout, wild-type and heterozygous genotypes.
In plain wordsIn male mice, missing the oxytocin gene did not change normal stress-hormone gene activity in one brain area.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
No significant changeBasal CRH mRNA in the PVN by genotype
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Stress hormones · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
We found that basal levels of CRH mRNA were not different among the three genotypes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
In this study, Oxytocin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Oxytocin.
Report a problemFND-1462243501
04AnimalNot a test of Oxytocin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In male mice, restraint stress increased CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus in every genotype, and the increase was significantly higher in oxytocin-knockout mice than in wild-type mice.
In plain wordsIn male mice lacking the oxytocin gene, stress raised a stress-hormone gene signal more than in normal mice.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
IncreaseRestraint stress-induced CRH mRNA up-regulation in the PVN
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Stress hormones · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Although restraint stress resulted in a significant increase of CRH mRNA expression in the PVN regardless of genotype, the degree of stress induced-up-regulation was significantly higher in OTKO mice than in wild-type mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
In this study, Oxytocin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Oxytocin.
Report a problemFND-1462243502
05AnimalNot a test of Oxytocin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In male mice, basal AVP mRNA in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei was significantly lower in oxytocin-knockout mice than in wild-type mice.
In plain wordsIn male mice lacking the oxytocin gene, normal vasopressin gene signal was lower than in normal mice.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
DecreaseBasal AVP mRNA in PVN and supraoptic nucleus in OTKO mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Unlike CRH mRNA, basal expression (in nonstressed control groups) of AVP mRNA in OTKO mice, as well as oxytocin mRNA in heterozygous mice, was significantly lower in the PVN and the supraoptic nucleus than in wild-type mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
In this study, Oxytocin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Oxytocin.
Report a problemFND-1462243503
06AnimalNot a test of Oxytocin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In male oxytocin-knockout mice, restraint stress significantly increased AVP mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus compared with nonstressed controls.
In plain wordsIn male mice lacking the oxytocin gene, stress raised the vasopressin gene signal in one brain area.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
IncreaseAVP mRNA in the PVN after restraint stress in OTKO mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
After restraint stress, the expression of AVP mRNA was significantly increased in the PVN of OTKO mice compared to the nonstressed control group, whereas the expression of both AVP and oxytocin mRNA were unchanged in the PVN and the supraoptic nucleus of wild-type and heterozygous mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
In this study, Oxytocin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Oxytocin.
Report a problemFND-1462243505
07AnimalNot a test of Oxytocin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In male mice, restraint stress increased the number of Fos-expressing cells in all brain regions examined regardless of genotype.
In plain wordsIn male mice, stress raised brain activity markers in every region examined, whether or not the mice had the oxytocin gene.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
No significant changeFos-expressing cells after restraint stress, all regions
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Brain and neuronal activity · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
After 90 min of restraint stress, the number of Fos-expressing cells significantly increased in all brain regions examined regardless of genotype.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
In this study, Oxytocin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Oxytocin.
Report a problemFND-1462243507
08AnimalNot a test of Oxytocin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In male mice, the number of stress-induced Fos-expressing cells in the BNST and medial amygdala was significantly lower in oxytocin-knockout mice than in wild-type mice.
In plain wordsIn male mice lacking the oxytocin gene, stress activated fewer cells in two brain areas than in normal mice.
Peptide
Oxytocin
Outcome
DecreaseStress-induced Fos-expressing cells in BNST and medial amygdala
Study
mousen: not reported in source
oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice
Outcome group
Brain and neuronal activity · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
However, the number of stress-induced Fos-expressing cells in the BNST and the medial amygdala of OTKO mice was significantly lower than in wild-type mice.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The expression of CRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after 4 h of restraint stress was examined in oxytocin gene-deficient (OTKO), wild-type and heterozygous male mice using in situ hybridization histochemistry.
In this study, Oxytocin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Oxytocin.
Report a problemFND-1462243508

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
11 Oct 2026, 20:03 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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