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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2003

9 results

Prostate volume and growth in testosterone-substituted hypogonadal men are dependent on the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene: a longitudinal pharmacogenetic study.

Zitzmann M, Depenbusch M, Gromoll J, Nieschlag E

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 May 2003Cited by 65 (Europe PMC)

PMID12727953 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1210/jc.2002-021947 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-12727953
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  1. 01HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled androgen substitution therapies including hCG, mean prostate volume increased from 15.8 +/- 6.1 to 23.0 +/- 6.8 ml.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men, pooled androgen substitution therapies including hCG were linked to increased prostate size.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    IncreaseProstate volume change
    Study

    n = 131

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Measurements

    Average prostate size
    15.8 ml
    Before pooled androgen substitution
    Prostate size reported +/- uncertainty (type not specified)
    6.1 ml
    Before pooled androgen substitution
    Average prostate size
    23 ml
    During pooled androgen substitution
    Prostate size reported +/- uncertainty (type not specified)
    6.8 ml
    During pooled androgen substitution

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Average prostate size increased from 15.8 +/- 6.1 ml to 23.0 +/- 6.8 ml.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  2. 02HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled substitution therapies including hCG, longer androgen receptor CAG repeats were linked to less prostate growth per year.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, longer androgen receptor gene repeats were linked to less prostate growth.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    DecreaseProstate growth dependence on CAG repeats
    Study

    n = 131

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Measurements

    P value for prostate growth per year dependence on CAG repeat number
    < 0.001 P value
    Pooled androgen substitution, prostate growth per year versus CAG repeat number

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prostate growth per year and absolute prostate size under substituted T levels (6.1 +/- 3.3 to 21.6 +/- 10.3 nmol/liter) were strongly dependent on (CAG)n, with lower treatment effects in longer repeats (both P < 0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  3. 03HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled substitution therapies including hCG, longer androgen receptor CAG repeats were linked to lower treatment effects on absolute prostate size.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, longer androgen receptor gene repeats were linked to smaller effects on prostate size.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAbsolute prostate size dependence on CAG repeats
    Study

    n = 131

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Measurements

    P value for absolute prostate size dependence on CAG repeat number
    < 0.001 P value
    Pooled androgen substitution, absolute prostate size versus CAG repeat number

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Prostate growth per year and absolute prostate size under substituted T levels (6.1 +/- 3.3 to 21.6 +/- 10.3 nmol/liter) were strongly dependent on (CAG)n, with lower treatment effects in longer repeats (both P < 0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  4. 04HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled substitution therapies including hCG, larger initial prostate size predicted lower prostate growth rates.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, larger initial prostates predicted less prostate growth.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    DecreaseProstate growth prediction by initial size
    Study

    n = 131

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Other significant predictors were initial prostate size (negative for growth rate and positive for absolute size) and age (positive for both growth rate and absolute size).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  5. 05HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled substitution therapies including hCG, larger initial prostate size predicted larger absolute prostate size.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, larger initial prostates predicted larger final prostate size.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAbsolute prostate size prediction by initial size
    Study

    n = 131

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Other significant predictors were initial prostate size (negative for growth rate and positive for absolute size) and age (positive for both growth rate and absolute size).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  6. 06HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled substitution therapies including hCG, older age predicted higher prostate growth rates.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, older age predicted more prostate growth.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    IncreaseProstate growth prediction by age
    Study

    n = 131

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Other significant predictors were initial prostate size (negative for growth rate and positive for absolute size) and age (positive for both growth rate and absolute size).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  7. 07HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled substitution therapies including hCG, older age predicted larger absolute prostate size.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, older age predicted larger prostate size.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAbsolute prostate size prediction by age
    Study

    n = 131

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Other significant predictors were initial prostate size (negative for growth rate and positive for absolute size) and age (positive for both growth rate and absolute size).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  8. 08HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men under pooled substitution including hCG, CAG repeats below 20 predicted prostate size at least 30 ml with odds ratio 8.7.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, shorter gene repeats predicted greater prostate enlargement odds than longer repeats.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    IncreaseProstate enlargement odds by CAG repeats
    Study

    n = 131

    Comparator
    CAG repeats of 20 or more
    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Measurements

    Odds ratio for prostate enlargement
    8.7 odds ratio
    CAG repeats <20 versus >=20, prostate size >=30 ml under T substitution
    95% confidence interval for prostate enlargement odds ratio
    3.1 to 24.3 odds ratio
    CAG repeats <20 versus >=20, prostate size >=30 ml under T substitution
    P value for prostate enlargement odds ratio
    < 0.001 P value
    CAG repeats <20 versus >=20, prostate size >=30 ml under T substitution
    Prostate enlargement threshold
    ≥ 30 ml
    Prostate size under T substitution

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The odds ratio for men with (CAG)n less than 20, compared with those with (CAG)n of 20 or more to develop a prostate size of at least 30 ml under T substitution, was 8.7 (95% confidence interval, 3.1-24.3; P < 0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

  9. 09HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneObservational studyOther

    In hypogonadal men receiving pooled substitution therapies including hCG, the prostate enlargement odds ratio associated with CAG repeats was more pronounced above 40 yr.

    In plain wordsIn hypogonadal men receiving pooled therapies including hCG, gene-repeat associations with prostate enlargement odds were stronger in older men.

    Peptide
    hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAge modification of enlargement odds
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This observation was strongly age dependent with a more pronounced odds ratio in men older than 40 yr.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    In 131 hypogonadal men aged 18-69 yr, we assessed prostate volume longitudinally by transrectal ultrasonography and determined AR (CAG)n, sex hormone levels, and anthropometric measures.
    Summary · context
    began substitution therapy with im injections of T enanthate (n = 81), transdermal T preparations (n = 19), sc injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (n = 17), or oral T undecanoate (n = 14) for 2.4 +/- 0.8 yr.

    In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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