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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 10 · 2000

14 results

Oral estradiol administration modulates continuous intravenous growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide-2-driven GH secretion in postmenopausal women.

Shah N, Evans WS, Bowers CY, Veldhuis JD

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 Aug 2000Cited by 18 (Europe PMC)

PMID10946861 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1210/jcem.85.8.6729 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-10946861
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, 24-h GHRP‑2 infusion amplified the mass of GH secreted per burst 7.0-fold over placebo.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a 24-hour GHRP‑2 infusion made each GH burst 7.0 times larger than placebo.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseGH mass per burst with 24-h GHRP-2 infusion
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    fold change in GH mass per burst
    7 fold
    GHRP-2 versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    E2 administration amplified the mass of GH secreted per burst by 1.9-fold over placebo, 24-h GHRP-2 infusion by 7.0-fold, and, the two agonists together by 8.8-fold (P < 10(-14)).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, intravenous GHRP‑2 infusion augmented the basal (nonpulsatile) rate of GH secretion by 4.4-fold.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a GHRP‑2 infusion raised the steady background GH release 4.4 times.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseBasal (nonpulsatile) GH secretion with GHRP-2 infusion
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    fold change in basal GH secretion
    4.4 fold
    GHRP-2 infusion

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intravenous GHRP-2 infusion augmented the basal (nonpulsatile) rate of GH secretion by 4.4-fold (P < 10(-4)).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, GHRP‑2 infusion did not influence 24-h GH pulse frequency.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a GHRP‑2 infusion did not change how often GH pulses occurred.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    No significant change24-h GH pulse frequency with GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither E2 nor GHRP-2 influenced 24-h GH pulse frequency, interburst interval, half-life or pulse duration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, GHRP‑2 infusion did not influence the interburst interval of GH secretion.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a GHRP‑2 infusion did not change the time between GH pulses.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    No significant changeGH interburst interval with GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither E2 nor GHRP-2 influenced 24-h GH pulse frequency, interburst interval, half-life or pulse duration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, GHRP‑2 infusion did not influence GH half-life.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a GHRP‑2 infusion did not change how long GH stayed in the blood.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    No significant changeGH half-life with GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither E2 nor GHRP-2 influenced 24-h GH pulse frequency, interburst interval, half-life or pulse duration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, GHRP‑2 infusion did not influence GH pulse duration.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a GHRP‑2 infusion did not change how long each GH pulse lasted.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    No significant changeGH pulse duration with GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither E2 nor GHRP-2 influenced 24-h GH pulse frequency, interburst interval, half-life or pulse duration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, GHRP‑2 infusion advanced the GH acrophase by 8.75 h.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a GHRP‑2 infusion moved the time of peak daily GH release earlier by 8.75 hours.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Not applicableGH acrophase with GHRP-2 infusion
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    acrophase advance
    8.75 h
    GHRP-2 infusion

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Infusion of GHRP-2 advanced the GH acrophase (time of daily maximum of GH release) by 8.75 h
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In postmenopausal women, GHRP‑2 infusion, but not E2 administration, significantly synchronized paired 24-h serum GH concentration profiles.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, a GHRP‑2 infusion made daily GH patterns match more closely between women, but estradiol did not.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseSynchronization of paired 24-h GH profiles with GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    1 microg/kg x h · intravenous · 24 hAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Cross-correlation analysis showed that GHRP-2 infusion (but not E2 administration) significantly synchronized paired 24-h serum GH concentration profiles (P < 10(-3)).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

  1. 09HumanNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, E2 together with GHRP‑2 infusion amplified the mass of GH secreted per burst 8.8-fold over placebo.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, estradiol with a GHRP‑2 infusion made each GH burst 8.8 times larger than placebo.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseGH mass per burst with E2 plus GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones

    Measurements

    fold change in GH mass per burst
    8.8 fold
    E2 plus GHRP-2 versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    E2 administration amplified the mass of GH secreted per burst by 1.9-fold over placebo, 24-h GHRP-2 infusion by 7.0-fold, and, the two agonists together by 8.8-fold (P < 10(-14)).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.

    In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

  2. 10HumanNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, E2 had no effect alone on basal GH secretion but doubled the stimulatory effect of GHRP‑2.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, estradiol alone did not change background GH release, but it doubled the effect of GHRP‑2.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseBasal GH secretion with E2 plus GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    GHRP-2 without E2
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    E2 treatment had no effect alone, but doubled the stimulatory effect of GHRP-2, on basal GH secretion.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.

    In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

  3. 11HumanNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In postmenopausal women, combined E2 and GHRP‑2 elevated the approximate entropy of GH secretory profiles above control.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, estradiol with GHRP‑2 made GH secretion patterns less regular than control.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseApproximate entropy of GH secretion with E2 plus GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Combined E2 and GHRP-2 elevated the ApEn of GH secretory profiles significantly above control, thereby indicating a marked alteration of within-axis feedback control (P = 0.00033).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.

    In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

  4. 12HumanNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, dual stimulation with E2 and GHRP‑2 synergistically increased the amplitude of the 24-h GH rhythm by 11-fold.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, estradiol with GHRP‑2 raised the size of the daily GH rhythm by 11 times.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseAmplitude of the 24-h GH rhythm with E2 plus GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones

    Measurements

    fold change in amplitude
    11 fold
    E2 plus GHRP-2

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dual stimulation with E2 and GHRP-2 also synergistically increased the amplitude (by 11-fold, P < 10(-11)) and the mesor (by 10-fold, P < 10(-10)) of the 24-h GH rhythm.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.

    In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

  5. 13HumanNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, dual stimulation with E2 and GHRP‑2 synergistically increased the mesor of the 24-h GH rhythm by 10-fold.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, estradiol with GHRP‑2 raised the average level of the daily GH rhythm by 10 times.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    IncreaseMesor of the 24-h GH rhythm with E2 plus GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones

    Measurements

    fold change in mesor
    10 fold
    E2 plus GHRP-2

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Dual stimulation with E2 and GHRP-2 also synergistically increased the amplitude (by 11-fold, P < 10(-11)) and the mesor (by 10-fold, P < 10(-10)) of the 24-h GH rhythm.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.

    In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

  6. 14HumanNot a test of GHRP-2 aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In postmenopausal women, combined treatment with E2 and GHRP‑2 normalized the GH acrophase.

    In plain wordsIn postmenopausal women, estradiol with GHRP‑2 brought the time of peak daily GH release back to normal.

    Peptide
    GHRP-2
    Outcome
    Not applicableGH acrophase with E2 plus GHRP-2
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    Control
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    whereas combined treatment with E2 and GHRP-2 normalized the acrophase.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To this end, we studied 10 healthy postmenopausal women following the administration of placebo or 17beta-estradiol (1 mg twice daily orally) for 7-12 days in a prospectively randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover design.

    In this study, GHRP-2 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHRP-2.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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