Effects of the thymic peptide thymulin on in vitro and in vivo testicular steroid concentrations in white composite and Meishan boars.

Wise T, Ford JJ

Journal of animal science1 Aug 1999Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID10462005DOI10.2527/1999.7782240xPepBankPUB-10462005

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study16

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In boars, thymulin generally increased circulating testosterone, with responses dependent on dose and circulating LH concentrations.
In plain wordsIn pigs, thymulin generally increased blood testosterone, with responses depending on dose and blood LH levels.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
IncreaseCirculating testosterone
Study
pign: not reported in source
boars from three genetic lines differing in circulating LH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
4.4, 44.4, or 444.4 ng/kg BW · intravenousAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Injection of thymulin i.v. (4.4, 44.4, or 444.4 ng/kg BW) generally increased circulating testosterone concentrations (2 to 3 h later; P<.01), but the response was dependent on the boar's general circulating LH concentrations and dose of thymulin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thymulin was tested in vivo in boars from three genetic lines selected for high, medium, or normal circulating LH concentrations (Meishan, select White composites, and control White composites, respectively).
Report a problemFND-1046200516
02LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In White composite boar testicular minces, thymulin increased testosterone during early incubation in the second experiment.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin increased testosterone in White composite boar testicular tissue during early incubation.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
IncreaseEarly testosterone in experiment 2
Study
pign = 30
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
1 for testicular minces from White composite boars (n = 30), thymulin increased testosterone concentrations during the early incubation period (1 to 3 h; P<.05) and depressed testosterone concentrations at later times (6 h; P<.05).
Report a problemFND-1046200511
03LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In White composite boar testicular minces, thymulin reduced testosterone during later incubation in the second experiment.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin reduced testosterone in White composite boar testicular tissue during later incubation.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
DecreaseLate testosterone in experiment 2
Study
pign = 30
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
1 for testicular minces from White composite boars (n = 30), thymulin increased testosterone concentrations during the early incubation period (1 to 3 h; P<.05) and depressed testosterone concentrations at later times (6 h; P<.05).
Report a problemFND-1046200512
04LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In Meishan boar testicular minces, thymulin alone had few effects on testosterone concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin alone had few effects on testosterone in Meishan boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
Direction not reportedTestosterone in Meishan incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mLAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin alone had few effects on androgen concentrations (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone+dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA+DHEASO4]) in Meishan boar testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
Report a problemFND-1046200501
05LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In Meishan boar testicular minces, thymulin alone had few effects on DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin alone had few effects on DHEA and its sulfate in Meishan boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
Direction not reportedDHEA+DHEASO4 in Meishan incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mLAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin alone had few effects on androgen concentrations (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone+dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA+DHEASO4]) in Meishan boar testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
Report a problemFND-1046200502
06LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In White composite boar testicular minces, thymulin generally reduced testosterone concentrations versus control.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin generally reduced testosterone in White composite boar testicular tissue compared with control.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
DecreaseTestosterone in White composite incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mLAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
In minces from White composites incubated with thymulin, testosterone concentrations were generally below control values (P<.05), but DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations were unaffected.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
Report a problemFND-1046200503
07LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In White composite boar testicular minces, thymulin did not affect DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin did not affect DHEA and its sulfate in White composite boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
No significant changeDHEA+DHEASO4 in White composite incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mLAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
In minces from White composites incubated with thymulin, testosterone concentrations were generally below control values (P<.05), but DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations were unaffected.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
Report a problemFND-1046200504
08LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In White composite boar testicular minces, thymulin did not affect estrone concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin did not affect estrone in White composite boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
No significant changeEstrone in White composite incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mLAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin had no effect on estrone concentrations in testicular incubates of White composite boars but stimulated estrone concentrations in Meishan testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
Report a problemFND-1046200505
09LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In Meishan boar testicular minces, thymulin stimulated estrone concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin increased estrone in Meishan boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
IncreaseEstrone in Meishan incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mLAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin had no effect on estrone concentrations in testicular incubates of White composite boars but stimulated estrone concentrations in Meishan testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
Report a problemFND-1046200506

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

10LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In boar testicular minces, thymulin synergized with hCG to increase testosterone.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin and hCG acted synergistically to increase testosterone in boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
IncreaseTestosterone synergy with hCG
Study
pign = 30
White composite boar testicular minces in experiment 2
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin synergized with hCG in stimulating increases in testosterone and DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations (P<.05) but had no effect on estrone concentrations in vitro.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1 for testicular minces from White composite boars (n = 30), thymulin increased testosterone concentrations during the early incubation period (1 to 3 h; P<.05) and depressed testosterone concentrations at later times (6 h; P<.05).
In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).
Report a problemFND-1046200513
11LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In boar testicular minces, thymulin synergized with hCG to increase DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin and hCG acted synergistically to increase DHEA and its sulfate in boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
IncreaseDHEA+DHEASO4 synergy with hCG
Study
pign = 30
White composite boar testicular minces in experiment 2
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin synergized with hCG in stimulating increases in testosterone and DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations (P<.05) but had no effect on estrone concentrations in vitro.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1 for testicular minces from White composite boars (n = 30), thymulin increased testosterone concentrations during the early incubation period (1 to 3 h; P<.05) and depressed testosterone concentrations at later times (6 h; P<.05).
In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).
Report a problemFND-1046200514
12LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In boar testicular minces, thymulin with hCG had no effect on estrone concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin with hCG did not affect estrone in boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
No significant changeEstrone with hCG in experiment 2
Study
pign = 30
White composite boar testicular minces in experiment 2
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin synergized with hCG in stimulating increases in testosterone and DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations (P<.05) but had no effect on estrone concentrations in vitro.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1 for testicular minces from White composite boars (n = 30), thymulin increased testosterone concentrations during the early incubation period (1 to 3 h; P<.05) and depressed testosterone concentrations at later times (6 h; P<.05).
In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).
Report a problemFND-1046200515
13LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In White composite boar testicular minces, thymulin plus hCG increased testosterone during early incubation.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin plus hCG increased testosterone in White composite boar testicular tissue during early incubation.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
IncreaseTestosterone with hCG in White composites
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin plus hCG increased testosterone (3 and 6 h of incubation; P<.05) but not DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations in White composite testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).
Report a problemFND-1046200507
14LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In White composite boar testicular minces, thymulin plus hCG did not increase DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin plus hCG did not increase DHEA and its sulfate in White composite boar testicular tissue.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
No significant changeDHEA+DHEASO4 with hCG in White composites
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin plus hCG increased testosterone (3 and 6 h of incubation; P<.05) but not DHEA+DHEASO4 concentrations in White composite testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).
Report a problemFND-1046200508
15LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In Meishan boar testicular minces, thymulin plus hCG did not alter androgen concentrations versus control.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin plus hCG did not change androgens in Meishan boar testicular tissue compared with control.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
No significant changeAndrogens with hCG in Meishan incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin plus hCG did not alter androgen or estrogen concentrations from control values in Meishan testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).
Report a problemFND-1046200509
16LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome
In Meishan boar testicular minces, thymulin plus hCG did not alter estrogen concentrations versus control.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin plus hCG did not change estrogens in Meishan boar testicular tissue compared with control.
Peptide
Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
Outcome
No significant changeEstrogens with hCG in Meishan incubates
Study
pign = 8
boar testicular minces
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Thymulin plus hCG did not alter androgen or estrogen concentrations from control values in Meishan testicular incubates.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
1, thymulin, a secreted nonapeptide of the thymus, was incubated (1, 10, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL) with testicular minces (sampled at 3, 6, or 12 h) from Chinese Meishan boars of high gonadotropin/testicular steroidogenic function (n = 8) and White composite boars of European origin (n = 8 ) to test the…
In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).
Report a problemFND-1046200510

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 3Current
21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
21 Oct 2026, 13:55 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Journal Article

MeSH terms

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