Pulsatile GnRH or human chorionic gonadotropin/human menopausal gonadotropin as effective treatment for men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a review of 42 cases.

Büchter D, Behre HM, Kliesch S, Nieschlag E

European journal of endocrinology1 Sept 1998Cited by 120 (Europe PMC)

PMID9758439DOI10.1530/eje.0.1390298PepBankPUB-09758439

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone10

In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

01HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In men with secondary hypogonadism, pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG therapy doubled bilateral testicular volumes within 5-12 months.
In plain wordsIn men with secondary hypogonadism, pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG treatment doubled testicular volumes.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseTesticular volume
Study
n = 42
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Time window for testicular volume doubling
5 to 12 months
pooled therapy
Source sentences
Summary
Bilateral testicular volumes doubled within 5-12 months of therapy.
Summary
We have extended our previous series of men treated for secondary hypogonadism and now present our therapeutic experience with 42 cases.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843901
02HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In men with secondary hypogonadism, pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG therapy induced spermatogenesis in 54/57 courses.
In plain wordsIn men with secondary hypogonadism, pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG therapy induced sperm production in most courses.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseSpermatogenesis
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Treatment courses with sperm in ejaculate
54 courses (of 57)
pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG
Source sentences
Summary
Spermatogenesis as evidenced by the appearance of sperm in the ejaculate was induced in 54/57 courses.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843902
03HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In men with secondary hypogonadism, partner pregnancies occurred in 26/36 pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG courses.
In plain wordsIn men with secondary hypogonadism, partner pregnancies occurred during pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG treatment courses.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreasePartner pregnancy
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Treatment courses with pregnancy
26 courses (of 36)
pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG, courses started for pregnancy
Source sentences
Summary
Pregnancies occurred in 26/36 courses.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843903
04HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In men with IHH or Kallmann syndrome, pooled therapy permitted fertility with unilateral maldescent and spermatogenesis in some bilateral maldescent cases.
In plain wordsIn men with maldescended testes, pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG therapy sometimes permitted sperm production or fertility.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Not applicableFertility with maldescended testes
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Unilaterally maldescended testes did not preclude patients with IHH or KalS from gaining fertility under therapy and spermatogenesis could be successfully initiated even in some individuals with bilateral maldescended testes.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843904
05HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In treated men with secondary hypogonadism, bilateral cryptorchidism history tended to prolong time to spermatogenesis, without statistical significance.
In plain wordsIn treated men, bilateral cryptorchidism history tended to delay sperm production under pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG therapy, without statistical significance.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeSpermatogenesis timing with bilateral cryptorchidism
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In general there was a tendency for a longer duration of therapy until induction of spermatogenesis in patients with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism. However, this did not reach statistical significance.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843905
06HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In men with IHH or Kallmann syndrome, time to sperm appearance did not differ significantly between hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with IHH or Kallmann syndrome, sperm appeared at similar times with hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeTime to sperm appearance
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In patients with IHH or KalS treated with either hCG/hMG or GnRH there were no statistically significant differences in terms of duration to appearance of sperm or pregnancy rates.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843906
07HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In men with IHH or Kallmann syndrome, pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with IHH or Kallmann syndrome, partner pregnancy rates were similar with hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changePregnancy rate
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In patients with IHH or KalS treated with either hCG/hMG or GnRH there were no statistically significant differences in terms of duration to appearance of sperm or pregnancy rates.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843907
08HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In Kallmann syndrome patients as old as 43 years, pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG therapy could induce spermatogenesis.
In plain wordsIn men with Kallmann syndrome as old as 43 years, pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG therapy could induce sperm production.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Not applicableSpermatogenesis in older Kallmann patients
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Even in KalS patients as old as 43 years spermatogenesis could be induced.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843908
09HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In repeatedly treated men, spermatogenesis tended to occur faster during repeat pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG treatment.
In plain wordsIn repeatedly treated men, sperm production tended to occur faster with repeat pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG treatment.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
DecreaseRepeat-course spermatogenesis timing
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
First treatment course
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In repeatedly treated patients stimulation of spermatogenesis tended to be faster while time until induction of pregnancy was significantly shorter in the second treatment course.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843909
10HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneCase report or seriesEfficacy outcome
In repeatedly treated men, time to partner pregnancy was significantly shorter during the second pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG course.
In plain wordsIn repeatedly treated men, partner pregnancy occurred sooner during the second pooled GnRH or hCG/hMG course.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
DecreaseRepeat-course pregnancy timing
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
First treatment course
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In repeatedly treated patients stimulation of spermatogenesis tended to be faster while time until induction of pregnancy was significantly shorter in the second treatment course.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Twenty-one patients with hypothalamic disorders (11 with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and 10 with Kallmann syndrome (KalS)) were treated with GnRH (group Ia) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (group Ib),
Summary · context
and 21 patients with hypopituitarism (group II) were treated with hCG/hMG.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0975843910

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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MeSH terms

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