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Study · Ex vivo tissue · rat · 1997

12 results

Thymulin stimulates corticotrophin release and cyclic nucleotide formation in the rat anterior pituitary gland.

Hadley AJ, Rantle CM, Buckingham JC

Neuroimmunomodulation1 Mar 1997Cited by 18 (Europe PMC)

PMID9483196 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1159/000097322 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-09483196
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, thymulin-Zn2+ increased ACTH release, with maximal effects at 10 pM.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin-Zn2+ increased ACTH release from rat pituitary tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseACTH release
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    0.5-50 pMAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-50 pM) stimulated the release of immunoreactive corticotrophin (ir-ACTH), producing effects which were maximal at 10 pM (p < 0.01).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.
  2. 02LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, thymulin-Zn2+ produced small but significant increases in LH release at the highest tested concentrations.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, the highest thymulin-Zn2+ concentrations slightly increased LH release from rat pituitary tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLH release
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    10 and 50 pMAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    At the two highest concentrations tested (10 and 50 pM), it also produced small but significant increases in immunoreactive luteinising hormone (ir-LH) release (p < 0.05),
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-50 pM) stimulated the release of immunoreactive corticotrophin (ir-ACTH), producing effects which were maximal at 10 pM (p < 0.01).
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.
  3. 03LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, thymulin-Zn2+ did not affect GH secretion.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin-Zn2+ did not change growth hormone release from rat pituitary tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeGH release
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but the secretion of immunoreactive growth hormone (ir-GH) was unaffected by the peptide (p > 0.05)
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-50 pM) stimulated the release of immunoreactive corticotrophin (ir-ACTH), producing effects which were maximal at 10 pM (p < 0.01).
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.
  4. 04LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, thymulin-Zn2+ reduced prolactin secretion.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin-Zn2+ reduced prolactin release from rat pituitary tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseProlactin release
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while that of immunoreactive prolactin (ir-PRL) was reduced (p < 0.01).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-50 pM) stimulated the release of immunoreactive corticotrophin (ir-ACTH), producing effects which were maximal at 10 pM (p < 0.01).
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.
  5. 05LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, thymulin increased cyclic AMP content.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymulin increased cyclic AMP in rat pituitary tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCyclic AMP content
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    0.5-50 pMAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Thus, thymulin (0.5-50 pM) raised the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content of the pituitary tissue (p < 0.01).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.
  6. 06LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, high thymulin concentrations increased cyclic GMP accumulation.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, high thymulin concentrations increased cyclic GMP in rat pituitary tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCyclic GMP accumulation at high concentrations
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    10-50 pMAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    At high concentrations (10-50 pM), it also increased cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP; p < 0.01) accumulation, although lower concentrations of the peptide were ineffective in this regard.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.
  7. 07LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, lower thymulin concentrations did not increase cyclic GMP accumulation.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, lower thymulin concentrations did not increase cyclic GMP in rat pituitary tissue.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeCyclic GMP accumulation at lower concentrations
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    At high concentrations (10-50 pM), it also increased cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP; p < 0.01) accumulation, although lower concentrations of the peptide were ineffective in this regard.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  1. 08LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, rolipram markedly potentiated ACTH release induced by lower thymulin-Zn2+ concentrations.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, rolipram increased ACTH release beyond that induced by lower thymulin-Zn2+ concentrations alone.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseACTH response with rolipram
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Comparator
    thymulin-Zn2+ without rolipram
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The increases in ir-ACTH release provoked by thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-5.0 pM) were potentiated markedly by rolipram (1 microM; p < 0.01), a selective inhibitor of the cyclic-AMP-specific phosphodiesterase enzyme.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  2. 09LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, zaprinast attenuated ACTH responses to higher thymulin concentrations.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, zaprinast reduced ACTH responses compared with higher thymulin concentrations alone.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseACTH response with zaprinast
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Comparator
    thymulin without zaprinast
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    By contrast, zaprinast (10 microM), a selective inhibitor of cyclic-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase, attenuated the corticotrophic responses to higher concentrations of the peptide (10 and 50 pM; p < 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  3. 10LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, neither rolipram nor zaprinast affected LH release with or without thymulin-Zn2+.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, rolipram and zaprinast did not change LH release with or without thymulin-Zn2+.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeLH release with phosphodiesterase inhibitors
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither rolipram (1 microM) nor zaprinast (10 microM) influenced the release of ir-LH, ir-PRL or ir-GH in the presence or absence of thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-50 pM; p > 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  4. 11LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, neither rolipram nor zaprinast affected prolactin release with or without thymulin-Zn2+.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, rolipram and zaprinast did not change prolactin release with or without thymulin-Zn2+.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeProlactin release with phosphodiesterase inhibitors
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither rolipram (1 microM) nor zaprinast (10 microM) influenced the release of ir-LH, ir-PRL or ir-GH in the presence or absence of thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-50 pM; p > 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  5. 12LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In rat pituitary tissue, neither rolipram nor zaprinast affected GH release with or without thymulin-Zn2+.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, rolipram and zaprinast did not change growth hormone release with or without thymulin-Zn2+.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeGH release with phosphodiesterase inhibitors
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither rolipram (1 microM) nor zaprinast (10 microM) influenced the release of ir-LH, ir-PRL or ir-GH in the presence or absence of thymulin-Zn2+ (0.5-50 pM; p > 0.05).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we have used a well established in vitro preparation to examine the influence of thymulin on cyclic nucleotide formation and hormone secretion by the rat anterior pituitary gland.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    21 Oct 2026, 13:55 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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