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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 1997

11 results

Involvement of interleukin-1 beta, nerve growth factor, and prostaglandin-E2 in the hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injections of low doses of thymulin.

Safieh-Garabedian B, Kanaan SA, Jalakhian RH, Jabbur SJ, Saadé NE

Brain, behavior, and immunity1 Sept 1997Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID9417804 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1006/brbi.1997.0491 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-09417804
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rats, thymulin caused localized mechanical hyperalgesia at doses as low as 0.5 ng.

    In plain wordsIn rats, thymulin increased local sensitivity to pressure pain at doses as low as 0.5 ng.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLocalized mechanical hyperalgesia
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.5 ng · intraplantarAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    As little as 0.5 ng thymulin resulted in localized mechanical hyperalgesia as assessed by the paw pressure test and thermal hyperalgesia as assessed by the paw immersion, hot plate, and tail flick tests.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rats, thymulin caused localized thermal hyperalgesia in paw immersion, hot plate and tail flick tests.

    In plain wordsIn rats, thymulin increased local sensitivity to heat pain.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLocalized thermal hyperalgesia
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.5 ng · intraplantarAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    As little as 0.5 ng thymulin resulted in localized mechanical hyperalgesia as assessed by the paw pressure test and thermal hyperalgesia as assessed by the paw immersion, hot plate, and tail flick tests.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rats, thymulin reduced paw pressure latency in the noninjected paw at the highest dose.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the highest thymulin dose shortened the pain response time to pressure in the noninjected paw.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNoninjected paw pressure latency
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    10 ng · intraplantarAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The highest dose of thymulin (10 ng) reduced both paw pressure and paw immersion latencies in the noninjected paw also.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In rats, thymulin reduced paw immersion latency in the noninjected paw at the highest dose.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the highest thymulin dose shortened the pain response time during immersion of the noninjected paw.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNoninjected paw immersion latency
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    10 ng · intraplantarAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The highest dose of thymulin (10 ng) reduced both paw pressure and paw immersion latencies in the noninjected paw also.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, thymulin significantly increased IL-1 beta levels in the injected paw.

    In plain wordsIn rats, thymulin increased the inflammation marker IL-1 beta in the injected paw.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseInjected paw IL-1 beta
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    5 ng · intraplantarAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Thymulin (5 ng) also resulted in significant elevation in the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the injected paw.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, thymulin significantly increased nerve growth factor levels in the injected paw.

    In plain wordsIn rats, thymulin increased nerve growth factor in the injected paw.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseInjected paw NGF
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 ng · intraplantarAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Thymulin (5 ng) also resulted in significant elevation in the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the injected paw.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  1. 07AnimalNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, dexamethasone reversed thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.

    In plain wordsIn rats, dexamethasone reversed increased pain sensitivity induced by thymulin.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHyperalgesia with dexamethasone
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both dexamethasone and indomethacin reversed thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  2. 08AnimalNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, indomethacin reversed thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.

    In plain wordsIn rats, indomethacin reversed increased pain sensitivity induced by thymulin.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHyperalgesia with indomethacin
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both dexamethasone and indomethacin reversed thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  3. 09AnimalNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist significantly reduced thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.

    In plain wordsIn rats, an interleukin-1 receptor blocker reduced increased pain sensitivity induced by thymulin.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHyperalgesia with IL-1ra
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Also interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and a polyclonal anti-NGF antiserum significantly reduced thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  4. 10AnimalNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, anti-NGF antiserum significantly reduced thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.

    In plain wordsIn rats, anti-NGF antiserum reduced increased pain sensitivity induced by thymulin.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHyperalgesia with anti-NGF antiserum
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Also interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and a polyclonal anti-NGF antiserum significantly reduced thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  5. 11AnimalNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, lys-D-pro-val reversed thymulin-induced hyperalgesia.

    In plain wordsIn rats, lys-D-pro-val reversed increased pain sensitivity induced by thymulin.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHyperalgesia with lys-D-pro-val
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    rat hind paw
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    On the other hand, the tripeptide lys-D-pro-val (known to antagonize IL-1 beta and PGE2 induced hyperalgesia) reversed the hyperalgesia due to thymulin.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The effect of various doses of intraplantar thymulin injection, on nociceptive thresholds, in the hind paw of rats was assessed using different pain tests.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    21 Oct 2026, 13:55 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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