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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 19 · 1997

21 results

Effects of [norleucine27]growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) (1-29)-NH2 administration on the immune system of aging men and women.

Khorram O, Yeung M, Vu L, Yen SS

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 Nov 1997Cited by 25 (Europe PMC)

PMID9360512 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1210/jcem.82.11.4363 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-09360512
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 21 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study21

21 results from studies that gave the peptide. 21 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialActivity measurement

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased 12-h integrated GH secretion within 4 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised overnight growth hormone release.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    Increase12-h integrated GH secretion
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in 12-h integrated GH secretion
    107%
    men
    Increase in 12-h integrated GH secretion
    70%
    women

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment with GHRH analog resulted in a significant increase (107 and 70% in men and women, respectively) in the 12-h integrated GH secretion (P < .05)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialActivity measurement

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased serum IGF-I levels by 4 weeks, lasting 12 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised blood IGF-I levels.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseSerum IGF-I
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in serum IGF-I
    28%
    men and women

    Source sentences

    Summary
    serum IGF-I levels (28%) (P < .001) in both men and women by 4 weeks and lasted 12 weeks for IGF-I and 16 weeks for GH.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased lymphocytes expressing the transferrin receptor (CD71) within 4 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised the number of activated immune cells carrying CD71.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseCD71-expressing lymphocytes
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in CD71 lymphocytes
    30%
    within 4 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A 30% increase (P < .001) in lymphocytes expressing the transferrin receptor (CD71)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased monocytes (CD14) within 4 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised the number of monocytes, a type of white blood cell.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseMonocytes (CD14)
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A 30% increase (P < .001) in lymphocytes expressing the transferrin receptor (CD71) and in monocytes (CD14) (P < .05) occurred within 4 weeks.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased B cells (CD20) by 16 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised B cell numbers after 16 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseB cells (CD20) at 16 weeks
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in B cells (CD20)
    30%
    16 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    By 16 weeks, there was a significant increase (30%) in B cells (CD20) (P < .01), in cells expressing the T cell receptor alpha/beta (20%) (P < .01), and T cell receptor gamma/delta (40%) (P < .0001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased cells expressing the T cell receptor alpha/beta by 16 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised the number of alpha/beta T cell receptor cells after 16 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseT cell receptor alpha/beta cells at 16 weeks
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in TCR alpha/beta cells
    20%
    16 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    By 16 weeks, there was a significant increase (30%) in B cells (CD20) (P < .01), in cells expressing the T cell receptor alpha/beta (20%) (P < .01), and T cell receptor gamma/delta (40%) (P < .0001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased cells expressing the T cell receptor gamma/delta by 16 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised the number of gamma/delta T cell receptor cells after 16 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseT cell receptor gamma/delta cells at 16 weeks
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in TCR gamma/delta cells
    40%
    16 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    By 16 weeks, there was a significant increase (30%) in B cells (CD20) (P < .01), in cells expressing the T cell receptor alpha/beta (20%) (P < .01), and T cell receptor gamma/delta (40%) (P < .0001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog did not change the number of T cells (CD3).

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog did not change the total number of T cells.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeT cell number (CD3)
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no changes in the number of T cells (CD3), T cell subsets (CD4, CD8), or natural killer cell (CD57) over the treatment period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  9. 09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog did not change T cell subsets (CD4, CD8).

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog did not change the numbers of helper or killer T cell subsets.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeT cell subsets (CD4, CD8)
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no changes in the number of T cells (CD3), T cell subsets (CD4, CD8), or natural killer cell (CD57) over the treatment period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  10. 10HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog did not change natural killer cell (CD57) numbers.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog did not change the number of natural killer cells.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeNatural killer cell number (CD57)
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no changes in the number of T cells (CD3), T cell subsets (CD4, CD8), or natural killer cell (CD57) over the treatment period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  11. 11HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog enhanced responsiveness of B cells to the mitogens pokeweed mitogen and Staphylococus aureus cells.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog made B cells respond more strongly to lab stimulants.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseB cell mitogen responsiveness
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in B cell responsiveness
    50%
    pokeweed mitogen and S. aureus cells

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The increase in B cell number was associated with enhanced responsiveness (50%) to the B cell mitogens: pokeweed mitogen (P < .01 or better) and Staphylococus aureus cells (P < .001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  12. 12HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog caused a transient increase in circulating IgG at 4 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog briefly raised blood IgG antibody levels at 4 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseCirculating IgG at 4 weeks
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    a transient increase at 4 weeks in circulating IgG (P < .0001), IgM, and IgA (P < .001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  13. 13HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog caused a transient increase in circulating IgM at 4 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog briefly raised blood IgM antibody levels at 4 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseCirculating IgM at 4 weeks
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    a transient increase at 4 weeks in circulating IgG (P < .0001), IgM, and IgA (P < .001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  14. 14HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog caused a transient increase in circulating IgA at 4 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog briefly raised blood IgA antibody levels at 4 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseCirculating IgA at 4 weeks
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    a transient increase at 4 weeks in circulating IgG (P < .0001), IgM, and IgA (P < .001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  15. 15HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased T cell responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin by 16 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog made T cells respond more strongly to a lab stimulant.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseT cell responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin
    50%
    T cells

    Source sentences

    Summary
    T cells were functionally activated, as evidenced by a 50% increase in responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (P < .01 or better)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  16. 16HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog increased the number of lymphocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor (CD25) at 16 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised the number of lymphocytes carrying the IL-2 receptor after 16 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseLymphocytes expressing IL-2 receptor (CD25)
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in IL-2R (CD25) lymphocytes
    70%
    16 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    70% increase in the number of lymphocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) (CD25) (P < .001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  17. 17HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog enhanced IL-2 receptor messenger RNA expression at 16 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised IL-2 receptor gene activity in immune cells after 16 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseIL-2 receptor mRNA expression
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    enhanced IL-2R messenger RNA expression and basal IL-2 secretion (50%) (P < .05) at 16 weeks of treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  18. 18HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog enhanced basal IL-2 secretion at 16 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised the resting release of IL-2 from immune cells after 16 weeks.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseBasal IL-2 secretion
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in basal IL-2 secretion
    50%
    16 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    enhanced IL-2R messenger RNA expression and basal IL-2 secretion (50%) (P < .05) at 16 weeks of treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  19. 19HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, the GHRH analog raised circulating soluble IL-2 receptor within 4 weeks, and it stayed elevated during the study.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the GHRH analog raised blood levels of soluble IL-2 receptor, and they stayed high.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    IncreaseCirculating soluble IL-2 receptor
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Increase in soluble IL-2 receptor
    15%
    within 4 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, circulating soluble IL-2 receptor rose significantly (15%) (P < .05) within 4 weeks of treatment and remained elevated for the duration of the study.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  20. 20HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, there were no sex differences in the immune response to the GHRH analog.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, the immune response to the GHRH analog did not differ between men and women.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeSex differences in immune response
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There were no sex differences in the immune response to GHRH analog
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.
  21. 21HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In healthy elderly men and women, no adverse effects were reported with the GHRH analog.

    In plain wordsIn healthy older men and women, no side effects were reported with the GHRH analog.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeAdverse effects
    Study

    n = 19

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body
    Studied dose
    10 micrograms/kg · subcutaneous · 16 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    no adverse effects.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This hypothesis was tested by a single blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 5 months duration, in which healthy elderly subjects (10 women, 9 men) self-administered sc nightly placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 16 weeks of [norleucine27]GHRH (1-29)-NH2 at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    9 Oct 2026, 19:08 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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