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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1997

4 results

Sites of gene expression for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide throughout the brain of the chick (Gallus domesticus).

Kuenzel WJ, Mccune SK, Talbot RT, Sharp PJ, Hill JM

The Journal of comparative neurology1 Apr 1997Cited by 45 (Europe PMC)

PMID9087422 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970428)381:1<101::aid-cne8>3.0.co;2-5 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-09087422
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In chick brain, VIP mRNA was found in many areas, including the olfactory bulbs, posterior hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamic nuclei and medial lateral septal organ.

    In plain wordsIn chicks, the body's own VIP message was found in many brain areas, including the hippocampus and hypothalamus.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableDistribution of VIP mRNA in the chick brain
    Study

    chickn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The areas where VIP message was found included the olfactory bulbs, posterior hippocampus, parahippocampal area, hyperstriatum, archistriatum/nucleus (n.) taenia (amygdala), medial part of the LSO
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To document potential brain areas that might play significant functional roles, the distribution of VIP mRNA was examined throughout the entire chick brain by using in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH).

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In chick brain, the lateral hypothalamic area had the most extensive and dense VIP message.

    In plain wordsIn chicks, the natural VIP message was densest in the lateral hypothalamic area.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableDensity of VIP mRNA in lateral hypothalamic area
    Study

    chickn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    lateral hypo. area (most extensive and dense message)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To document potential brain areas that might play significant functional roles, the distribution of VIP mRNA was examined throughout the entire chick brain by using in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH).

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In chick brain, in situ hybridization found more areas with VIP-expressing perikarya than immunocytochemistry, particularly in the telencephalon and mesencephalon.

    In plain wordsIn chicks, in situ hybridization found the body's own VIP-producing cells in more brain areas than antibody staining did.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    IncreaseVIP-expressing areas by in situ hybridization versus immunocytochemistry
    Study

    chickn: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Immunocytochemistry
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    When compared with immunocytochemistry that detected the presence of the peptide product VIP, more areas of the brain were found to contain perikarya expressing VIP by using ISHH, particularly in the telencephalon and the mesencephalon.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To document potential brain areas that might play significant functional roles, the distribution of VIP mRNA was examined throughout the entire chick brain by using in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH).

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil).

  1. 04AnimalNot a test of Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In chick brain, VIP binding sites were found in the lateral portion of the lateral septal organ, where the blood-brain barrier is not fully developed.

    In plain wordsIn chicks, VIP binding sites were found in the lateral part of a brain region with an incomplete blood-brain barrier.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP binding sites in the lateral septal organ
    Study

    chickn: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    VIP binding sites were found in the lateral portion of the LSO where the blood-brain barrier is not fully developed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    To document potential brain areas that might play significant functional roles, the distribution of VIP mRNA was examined throughout the entire chick brain by using in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH).

    In this study, Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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