Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mRNA and peptide levels are decreased in the anterior pituitary of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone transgenic mouse.

Hyde JF, Morrison DG, Drake KW, Moore JP Jr, Maley BE

Journal of neuroendocrinology1 Jan 1996Cited by 8 (Europe PMC)

PMID8932732DOI10.1111/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00681.xPepBankPUB-08932732

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study10

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured10

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In hGHRH transgenic mice, immunoreactive VIP concentrations in the anterior pituitary were 50% lower than in non-transgenic siblings.
In plain wordsIn mice with high growth hormone-releasing hormone, the body's own VIP in the front pituitary was half that of normal siblings.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
DecreaseVIP peptide concentration, anterior pituitary
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Non-transgenic siblings
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Measurements
Immunoreactive VIP decrease
50%
anterior pituitary, transgenic mice
Source sentences
Summary
Immunoreactive VIP concentrations were decreased by 50% in the anterior pituitary glands of hGHRH transgenic mice as compared to non-transgenic siblings.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273201
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In hGHRH transgenic mice, immunoreactive VIP in the hypothalamus did not differ from non-transgenic mice.
In plain wordsIn these mice, the body's own VIP in the hypothalamus showed no difference from normal siblings.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeVIP peptide concentration, hypothalamus
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Non-transgenic siblings
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, no differences in immunoreactive VIP concentrations were observed in the hypothalamus or frontal cerebral cortex of transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273202
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In hGHRH transgenic mice, immunoreactive VIP in the frontal cerebral cortex did not differ from non-transgenic mice.
In plain wordsIn these mice, the body's own VIP in the frontal cortex showed no difference from normal siblings.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeVIP peptide concentration, frontal cerebral cortex
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Non-transgenic siblings
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, no differences in immunoreactive VIP concentrations were observed in the hypothalamus or frontal cerebral cortex of transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273203
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In transgenic and non-transgenic mice, 17beta-estradiol treatment significantly increased VIP concentrations in the anterior pituitary.
In plain wordsIn mice, the hormone estradiol raised the body's own VIP in the front pituitary in both transgenic and normal mice.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseVIP concentration after 17beta-estradiol, anterior pituitary
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Untreated mice
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with 17beta-estradiol significantly increased VIP concentrations in the anterior pituitary gland of both transgenic and non-transgenic mice; however, VIP peptide concentrations in the anterior pituitary glands of hGHRH transgenic mice remained 50% lower.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273204
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
After 17beta-estradiol treatment, VIP peptide in the anterior pituitary of hGHRH transgenic mice remained 50% lower than in non-transgenic mice.
In plain wordsAfter estradiol, the body's own VIP in the front pituitary of transgenic mice stayed half that of normal mice.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
DecreaseVIP concentration after 17beta-estradiol, transgenic versus non-transgenic
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Non-transgenic siblings
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Measurements
VIP lower
50%
anterior pituitary, transgenic mice after 17beta-estradiol
Source sentences
Summary
however, VIP peptide concentrations in the anterior pituitary glands of hGHRH transgenic mice remained 50% lower.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273205
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In hGHRH transgenic mice, VIP mRNA in the anterior pituitary was 2.5-fold lower than in non-transgenic mice.
In plain wordsIn mice with high growth hormone-releasing hormone, the body's own VIP gene activity in the front pituitary was lower than in normal siblings.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
DecreaseVIP mRNA level, anterior pituitary
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Non-transgenic siblings
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Measurements
VIP mRNA, non-transgenic relative to transgenic
2.5 -fold higher
anterior pituitary
Source sentences
Summary
Relative differences in VIP mRNA levels were estimated by RT-PCR, and were found to be 2.5-fold higher in the anterior pituitary glands of non-transgenic mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273206
07AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In hGHRH transgenic mice, VIP mRNA in the cerebral cortex did not differ from non-transgenic mice.
In plain wordsIn these mice, the body's own VIP gene activity in the cortex showed no difference from normal siblings.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeVIP mRNA level, cerebral cortex
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Non-transgenic siblings
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, no differences in VIP mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex were detected between transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273207
08AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In mice, 17beta-estradiol treatment increased VIP mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary.
In plain wordsIn mice, the hormone estradiol raised the body's own VIP gene activity in the front pituitary.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseVIP mRNA after 17beta-estradiol, anterior pituitary
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Untreated mice
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with 17beta-estradiol increased VIP mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary, but not in the cerebral cortex.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273208
09AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In mice, 17beta-estradiol treatment did not increase VIP mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex.
In plain wordsIn mice, the hormone estradiol did not change the body's own VIP gene activity in the cortex.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeVIP mRNA after 17beta-estradiol, cerebral cortex
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Untreated mice
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with 17beta-estradiol increased VIP mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary, but not in the cerebral cortex.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273209
10AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In hGHRH transgenic mice, the density of immunoreactive VIP pituitary cells was decreased by approximately 50%.
In plain wordsIn mice with high growth hormone-releasing hormone, there were about half as many of the body's own VIP-containing pituitary cells as in normal siblings.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
DecreaseDensity of VIP-immunoreactive pituitary cells
Study
mousen: not reported in source
hGHRH transgenic mice versus non-transgenic siblings
Comparator
Non-transgenic siblings
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Endocrine and hormones
Measurements
Density decrease
≈ 50%
VIP-immunoreactive pituitary cells, transgenic mice
Source sentences
Summary
In concert with the changes in VIP peptide and mRNA, the density of immunoreactive VIP pituitary cells was decreased approximately 50% in hGHRH transgenic mice.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To determine if another pituitary peptide hormone with putative growth-promoting activity is similarly affected, or if this effect is specific to the peptide galanin, we examined vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) gene expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of male hGHRH transgenic and non-transgenic mice.
Summary · context
Four to five month old male hGHRH transgenic mice and their non-transgenic siblings were identified by PCR.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0893273210

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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