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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 1995

14 results

Zinc induces thymulin secretion from human thymic epithelial cells in vitro and augments splenocyte and thymocyte responses in vivo.

Saha AR, Hadden EM, Hadden JW

International journal of immunopharmacology1 Sept 1995Cited by 47 (Europe PMC)

PMID8582784 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/0192-0561(95)00061-6 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-08582784
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

11 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin mildly augmented splenocyte responses to IL-1 in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin mildly increased spleen immune cell responses to IL-1 in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSplenocyte response to IL-1
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin mildly augmented splenocyte responses to IL-2 in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin mildly increased spleen immune cell responses to IL-2 in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSplenocyte response to IL-2
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin mildly augmented splenocyte responses to natural cytokine mixture in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin mildly increased spleen immune cell responses to a cytokine mixture in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSplenocyte response to natural cytokine mixture
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin mildly augmented splenocyte responses to PHA in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin mildly increased spleen immune cell responses to PHA in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSplenocyte response to PHA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin mildly augmented splenocyte responses to concanavalin A in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin mildly increased spleen immune cell responses to concanavalin A in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSplenocyte response to concanavalin A
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin did not augment thymocyte responses to IL-1 in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin did not increase thymocyte responses to IL-1 in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeThymocyte response to IL-1
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin did not augment thymocyte responses to IL-2 in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin did not increase thymocyte responses to IL-2 in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeThymocyte response to IL-2
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin did not augment thymocyte responses to natural cytokine mixture in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin did not increase thymocyte responses to a cytokine mixture in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeThymocyte response to natural cytokine mixture
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin did not augment thymocyte responses to PHA in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin did not increase thymocyte responses to PHA in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeThymocyte response to PHA
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin did not augment thymocyte responses to concanavalin A in subsequent in vitro testing.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin did not increase thymocyte responses to concanavalin A in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    No significant changeThymocyte response to concanavalin A
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    In hydrocortisone-treated aged mice, zinc-thymulin increased splenocyte responses to the tested stimuli by an average of 40% in subsequent in vitro tests.

    In plain wordsIn aged mice treated with hydrocortisone, zinc-thymulin increased spleen immune cell responses by an average of 40% in later lab tests.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAverage splenocyte response augmentation across stimuli
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    hydrocortisone-treated aged mice
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    100 ng/day · intraperitoneal · 5 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Measurements

    Average splenocyte response increase
    40%
    across IL-1, IL-2, NCM, PHA and Con A stimuli

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intraperitoneal treatment of hydrocortisone treated aged mice with zinc-thymulin (100 ng/day x 5) resulted in mild augmentation of splenocyte but not thymocyte responses in vitro to IL-1, IL-2, and natural cytokine mixture (NCM) and to PHA and concanavalin A (Con A) (average increase 40%).

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 12LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In serum-free human thymic epithelial cells, zinc induced secretion of a factor presumed to be zinc-thymulin.

    In plain wordsIn cells, zinc induced release of a factor presumed to be the body's own thymulin.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseThymulin-like factor secretion
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human thymic epithelial cells
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the absence of serum, zinc induces human thymic epithelial cells (TEC) to secrete a factor
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This factor is removed by antithymulin antisera plus filtration and is thus presumed to be zinc-thymulin.

    This result measures the body's own Thymulin (serum thymic factor). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  1. 13LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In human lymphocytes exposed to low-dose PHA, a thymic-cell factor presumed to be zinc-thymulin promoted IL-2 receptor-positive cell expansion.

    In plain wordsIn cells exposed to PHA, a factor presumed to be thymulin promoted expansion of lymphocytes with IL-2 receptors.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    IncreaseIL-2 receptor-positive lymphocyte expansion
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human peripheral blood lymphocytes
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the absence of serum, zinc induces human thymic epithelial cells (TEC) to secrete a factor which promotes the expansion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor positive human peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to a low dose of phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    This factor is removed by antithymulin antisera plus filtration and is thus presumed to be zinc-thymulin.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

  2. 14LabNot a test of Thymulin (serum thymic factor) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Other

    In lab tests, antithymulin antisera plus filtration removed the secreted factor presumed to be zinc-thymulin.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, antithymulin antibodies plus filtration removed the factor presumed to be thymulin.

    Peptide
    Thymulin (serum thymic factor)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFactor removal by antithymulin antisera
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    human thymic epithelial cell secreted factor
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This factor is removed by antithymulin antisera plus filtration and is thus presumed to be zinc-thymulin.

    In this study, Thymulin (serum thymic factor) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymulin (serum thymic factor).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    21 Oct 2026, 15:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    21 Oct 2026, 13:55 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 12:50 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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