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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1994

2 results

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene expression is characteristically higher in opossum gastrointestinal sphincters.

Bandyopadhyay A, Chakder S, Lynn RB, Rattan S

Gastroenterology1 Jun 1994Cited by 3 (Europe PMC)

PMID8194691 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/0016-5085(94)90399-9 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-08194691
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In opossum gut, VIP mRNA levels were higher in sphincteric smooth muscle than in the adjoining nonsphincteric tissue.

    In plain wordsIn opossums, the gene for the body's own VIP was more active in gut sphincter muscle than in nearby non-sphincter muscle.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    IncreaseVIP mRNA in sphincteric versus nonsphincteric gut tissue
    Study

    opossumn: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Adjoining nonsphincteric smooth muscle
    Outcome group
    Gene expression · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The data showed higher levels of VIP mRNA in the sphincteric than the adjoining nonsphincteric tissues.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    VIP gene expression was significantly higher in the sphincteric smooth muscle regions than in the nonsphincteric regions of the gut.
    Summary · context
    The gastrointestinal smooth muscle sphincters of opossums were excised from the adjoining nonsphincteric smooth muscles.
    Summary · context
    Relative expression of VIP gene was quantitated using the densitometric scanning of the VIP messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Other

    In cultured myenteric neurons and neuroblastoma cells, VIP mRNA was present in significantly higher amounts than in smooth muscle cells.

    In plain wordsIn cell cultures, the gene for the body's own VIP was more active in nerve cells than in smooth muscle cells.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    IncreaseVIP mRNA in myenteric neurons and neuroblastoma cells versus smooth muscle cells
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    cultured myenteric plexus, neuroblastoma cells and smooth muscle cells
    Comparator
    Smooth muscle cells
    Outcome group
    Gene expression · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    VIP mRNA were found in significantly higher amounts in the myenteric neurons and neuroblastoma cells than in the smooth muscle cells.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The gastrointestinal smooth muscle sphincters of opossums were excised from the adjoining nonsphincteric smooth muscles.
    Summary · context
    Relative expression of VIP gene was quantitated using the densitometric scanning of the VIP messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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