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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1994

4 results

Immunocytochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y in the bovine ovary.

Hulshof SC, Dijkstra G, Van der Beek EM, Bevers MM, Figueiredo JR, Beckers JF, Van den Hurk R

Biology of reproduction1 Mar 1994Cited by 23 (Europe PMC)

PMID8167227 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1095/biolreprod50.3.553 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-08167227
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In bovine ovaries, VIP immunoreactivity appeared at 4.5-6 months of gestation, coinciding with the onset of follicular development, and was first found in the cortex.

    In plain wordsIn cattle, the body's own VIP appeared in the ovary when follicles began to develop.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableOnset of VIP immunoreactivity in the fetal ovary
    Study

    cattlen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The appearance of VIP and NPY immunoreactivity of 4.5-6 mo of gestation coincided with the onset of follicular development. In contrast to NPY, VIP was first found in the cortex.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The distribution of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied immunocytochemically in bovine ovaries from 3 mo of gestation up to and including puberty, and from adult cows at three stages of the estrous cycle.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In bovine ovaries, VIP immunoreactivity increased with age.

    In plain wordsIn cattle, the amount of the body's own VIP in the ovary rose with age.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    IncreaseVIP immunoreactivity with age
    Study

    cattlen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Both VIP and NPY immunoreactivity increased with age.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The distribution of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied immunocytochemically in bovine ovaries from 3 mo of gestation up to and including puberty, and from adult cows at three stages of the estrous cycle.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In bovine ovaries from 9 months of gestation, VIP was found around blood vessels and non-vascular smooth muscle cells, in the stroma near preantral follicles, and in the theca externa of antral follicles.

    In plain wordsIn cattle, the body's own VIP was found around ovarian blood vessels, muscle cells and growing follicles.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableLocalization of VIP in the ovary from 9 months of gestation
    Study

    cattlen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    From 9 mo of gestation onwards, VIP and NPY were found around blood vessels and non-vascular smooth muscle cells, in the stroma near preantral follicles, and in the theca externa of antral follicles.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The distribution of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied immunocytochemically in bovine ovaries from 3 mo of gestation up to and including puberty, and from adult cows at three stages of the estrous cycle.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In bovine ovaries, VIP-positive cells were seen exclusively in the granulosa layer of the preovulatory follicle at the time of the LH surge.

    In plain wordsIn cattle, the body's own VIP-containing cells appeared in the follicle lining only around the time of the LH surge that triggers ovulation.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-positive cells in the granulosa layer of the preovulatory follicle
    Study

    cattlen: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Reproductive and sexual health

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In addition, VIP-positive cells were observed exclusively in the granulosa layer of the preovulatory follicle at the time of the LH surge.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The distribution of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was studied immunocytochemically in bovine ovaries from 3 mo of gestation up to and including puberty, and from adult cows at three stages of the estrous cycle.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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