Distinct choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) bipolar neurons project to local blood vessels in the rat cerebral cortex.

Chédotal A, Cozzari C, Faure MP, Hartman BK, Hamel E

Brain research1 May 1994Cited by 56 (Europe PMC)

PMID8069662DOI10.1016/0006-8993(94)90076-0PepBankPUB-08069662

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the rat cerebral cortex, VIP neurons accounted for the largest population of the 2103 cells examined (58.3%).
In plain wordsIn rats, the body's own VIP-containing nerve cells were the largest group of the cortical cells examined.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableProportion of VIP-immunoreactive cortical neurons
Study
ratn = 2,103
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
VIP-positive cells
58.3%
all cortical cells
Source sentences
Summary
From a total of 2103 cells examined in all cortical areas, VIP neurons accounted for the largest population (58.3%) followed by ChAT-positive cells (28.2%) with only 13.5% of cells being double-labelled for VIP and ChAT.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In order to evaluate if intracortical perivascular ACh terminals could be distinguished from those of the basal forebrain by their colocalization with VIP, we performed a double immunofluorescence study and determined the percentage of colocalization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and VIP in co…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0806966201
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the rat cerebral cortex, 13.5% of the 2103 cells examined were double-labelled for VIP and ChAT.
In plain wordsIn rats, few cortical nerve cells carried both the body's own VIP and the acetylcholine enzyme ChAT.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableProportion of cortical cells double-labelled for VIP and ChAT
Study
ratn = 2,103
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Double-labelled cells
13.5%
all cortical cells
Source sentences
Summary
From a total of 2103 cells examined in all cortical areas, VIP neurons accounted for the largest population (58.3%) followed by ChAT-positive cells (28.2%) with only 13.5% of cells being double-labelled for VIP and ChAT.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In order to evaluate if intracortical perivascular ACh terminals could be distinguished from those of the basal forebrain by their colocalization with VIP, we performed a double immunofluorescence study and determined the percentage of colocalization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and VIP in co…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0806966202
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the rat cerebral cortex, 32.3% of ChAT-positive cells colocalized VIP, whereas 18.8% of VIP neurons also contained ChAT.
In plain wordsIn rats, most of the body's own VIP nerve cells did not contain ChAT, so VIP and ChAT are mostly in different cells.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableColocalization of VIP and ChAT in cortical neurons
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
ChAT cells colocalizing VIP
32.3%
878 ChAT cells
VIP neurons containing ChAT
18.8%
1509 VIP neurons
Source sentences
Summary
Of the cortical ChAT-immunostained cells (n = 878), 32.3% colocalized VIP whereas only 18.8% of VIP neurons (n = 1509) also contained ChAT.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In order to evaluate if intracortical perivascular ACh terminals could be distinguished from those of the basal forebrain by their colocalization with VIP, we performed a double immunofluorescence study and determined the percentage of colocalization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and VIP in co…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0806966203
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the rat cerebral cortex, perivascular fibers were cholinergic, VIPergic, or a smaller population that stained for both ChAT and VIP.
In plain wordsIn rats, nerve fibers around brain blood vessels carried acetylcholine markers, the body's own VIP, or both, with both being the smaller group.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableTypes of perivascular fibers around intracortical blood vessels
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Perivascular fibers studied by double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were of three categories including cholinergic, VIPergic with a smaller population of fibers which costained for both ChAT and VIP.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In order to evaluate if intracortical perivascular ACh terminals could be distinguished from those of the basal forebrain by their colocalization with VIP, we performed a double immunofluorescence study and determined the percentage of colocalization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and VIP in co…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0806966204

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Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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