Blood levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in normal and growth retarded fetuses: relationship with acid-base and haemodynamic status.

Rizzo G, Montuschi P, Capponi A, Romanini C

Early human development1 Mar 1995Cited by 4 (Europe PMC)

PMID7781570DOI10.1016/0378-3782(94)01610-2PepBankPUB-07781570

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured5

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In growth retarded fetuses, umbilical vein blood levels of the body's own VIP were higher than in control fetuses.
In plain wordsIn growth retarded fetuses, natural VIP levels in cord blood were higher than in normal fetuses.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseUmbilical vein VIP in growth retarded fetuses
Study
n = 25
Comparator
Control fetuses
Outcome group
Pregnancy and fetal development · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In growth retarded fetuses, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels were higher
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was measured in umbilical vein blood obtained at cordocentesis in 12 growth retarded fetuses and in 13 control fetuses.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0778157001
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In control fetuses, the body's own VIP was always detectable in cord blood and its levels did not change with gestational age.
In plain wordsIn normal fetuses, natural VIP was always found in cord blood and did not change as pregnancy advanced.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeVIP levels in control fetuses by gestational age
Study
n = 13
Outcome group
Pregnancy and fetal development · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
In control fetuses, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was always detectable in cord blood and its levels did not change with gestational age.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was measured in umbilical vein blood obtained at cordocentesis in 12 growth retarded fetuses and in 13 control fetuses.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0778157002
03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In growth retarded fetuses, VIP levels were significantly related to umbilical vein PO2 and to pulsatility index in the umbilical, middle cerebral and renal arteries.
In plain wordsIn growth retarded fetuses, natural VIP levels were linked to blood oxygen and to blood flow measures in several arteries.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableAssociation of VIP with umbilical PO2 and Doppler pulsatility indices
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Pregnancy and fetal development · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
significantly related to umbilical vein PO2 levels, Pulsatility Index in umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and renal artery
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was measured in umbilical vein blood obtained at cordocentesis in 12 growth retarded fetuses and in 13 control fetuses.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0778157003
04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In growth retarded fetuses, VIP levels showed no relationship with umbilical vein pH or with cardiac and venous Doppler indices.
In plain wordsIn growth retarded fetuses, natural VIP levels were not linked to blood pH or to heart and vein blood flow measures.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeAssociation of VIP with umbilical pH and cardiac and venous Doppler indices
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Pregnancy and fetal development · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
while no relationship was found with umbilical vein pH, cardiac and venous Doppler indices.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was measured in umbilical vein blood obtained at cordocentesis in 12 growth retarded fetuses and in 13 control fetuses.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0778157004
05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In stepwise multiple regression, the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index was the best explanatory variable for fetal VIP levels.
In plain wordsIn fetuses, blood flow resistance in a brain artery was the best predictor of natural VIP levels in cord blood.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableBest explanatory variable for VIP levels
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pregnancy and fetal development · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Stepwise multiple regression demonstrated middle cerebral artery Pulsatility Index to be the best explanatory variable for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was measured in umbilical vein blood obtained at cordocentesis in 12 growth retarded fetuses and in 13 control fetuses.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0778157005

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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