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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1981

4 results

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in anuran intestine.

Buchan AM, Polak JM, Bryant MG, Bloom SR, Pearse AG

Cell and tissue research1 Jan 1981Cited by 15 (Europe PMC)

PMID6784927 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/bf00233628 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-06784927
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In five of seven anuran species, VIP-like immunoreactive mucosal endocrine cells and nerve fibres were detected in all layers of the gut wall.

    In plain wordsIn five of seven frog and toad species, cells and nerve fibres with the body's own VIP-like peptide were found in the gut wall.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-like immunoreactive cells and nerve fibres in five anuran species
    Study

    Anura (five of seven species)n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In five of the species (A. obstetricans, R. temporaria, H. arborea, H. crepitans and B. bufo) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive mucosal endocrine cells and nerve fibres in all layers of the gut wall, were detected by both immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seven species of Anura were investigated: Bombina bombina, Alytes obstetricans, Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta, Hyla arborea, Hyla crepitans and Bufo bufo.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    In Rana esculenta and Bombina bombina, no mucosal endocrine cells were detected, although VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres were plentiful.

    In plain wordsIn two frog species, no gut lining cells with the body's own VIP-like peptide were found, but nerve fibres with it were plentiful.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres without mucosal endocrine cells in two species
    Study

    Rana esculenta, Bombina bombinan: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the other two species, R. esculenta and B. bombina, no mucosal endocrine cells were detected although the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres were plentiful.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seven species of Anura were investigated: Bombina bombina, Alytes obstetricans, Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta, Hyla arborea, Hyla crepitans and Bufo bufo.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other

    Radioimmunoassay showed significant amounts of VIP immunoreactivity in intestinal extracts from all seven anuran species, highest in those with both immunostained cells and nerves.

    In plain wordsIn gut extracts of all seven frog and toad species, the body's own VIP-like peptide was present, most where both cells and nerves had it.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP immunoreactivity in intestinal extracts by radioimmunoassay
    Study

    Anura (seven species)n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Radioimmunoassay showed the presence of significant amounts of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactivity in intestinal extracts from all species. The highest quantities were present in those anurans with both immunostained cells and nerves.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seven species of Anura were investigated: Bombina bombina, Alytes obstetricans, Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta, Hyla arborea, Hyla crepitans and Bufo bufo.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In anuran intestine, most of the VIP-like peptide eluted in a position identical to that of natural mammalian (porcine) VIP on gel permeation chromatography.

    In plain wordsIn frog and toad gut, most of the VIP-like peptide behaved in lab separation like natural pig VIP.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableChromatographic identity of anuran VIP-like peptide
    Study

    Anura (seven species)n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Gel permeation chromatography showed that most of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like peptide eluted in a position identical to that of natural mammalian (porcine) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Seven species of Anura were investigated: Bombina bombina, Alytes obstetricans, Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta, Hyla arborea, Hyla crepitans and Bufo bufo.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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