VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)-containing nerves of intracranial arteries in mammals.

Edvinsson L, Fahrenkrug J, Hanko J, Owman C, Sundler F, Uddman R

Cell and tissue research1 Jan 1980Cited by 116 (Europe PMC)

PMID6771016DOI10.1007/bf00234179PepBankPUB-06771016

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured5

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In mammals, pial arteries from pig, cat and rat had the richest supply of the body's own VIP nerve fibres, with an intermediate supply in cow, dog, guinea pig and hamster and few fibres in monkey, rabbit, gerbil and mouse.
In plain wordsIn animals, the body's own VIP nerve fibres were most numerous in brain surface arteries of pigs, cats and rats, and few in mice.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP nerve fibre supply of pial arteries across species
Study
multiple mammals (pig, cat, rat, cow, dog, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, rabbit, gerbil, mouse)n: not reported in source
pial and cerebral arteries, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Pial arteries from pig, cat, and rat have the richest supply of VIP nerve fibres; those of cow, dog guinea pig and hamster have an intermediary number of nerves, while only few are found in pial arteries from the monkey, rabbit, gerbil, and mouse.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)-containing nerves of intracranial arteries in mammals.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0677101601
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In mammals, the density of the body's own VIP nerves was greatest in cerebral arteries, then basilar, vertebral and spinal cord arteries.
In plain wordsIn animals, the body's own VIP nerves were densest in brain arteries and less dense in arteries of the spinal cord.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableRegional variation in VIP nerve density
Study
multiple mammals (pig, cat, rat, cow, dog, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, rabbit, gerbil, mouse)n: not reported in source
pial and cerebral arteries, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
The regional variation in VIP-nerve density follows the order: cerebral arteries greater than basilar greater than vertebral greater than spinal cord arteries.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)-containing nerves of intracranial arteries in mammals.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0677101602
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In mammals, unilateral removal of the pterygopalatine or superior cervical ganglia did not change the amount or distribution of VIP fibres in brain vessel walls on the same side.
In plain wordsIn animals, removing either of two nerve ganglia on one side did not change the body's own VIP fibres in brain vessels.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeVIP fibres after ganglion extirpation
Study
multiple mammals (pig, cat, rat, cow, dog, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, rabbit, gerbil, mouse)n: not reported in source
pial and cerebral arteries, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Unilateral extirpation of either the pterygopalatine or the superior cervical ganglia does not affect the amount or distribution of VIP fibres in the wall of brain vessels of the ipsilateral side.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)-containing nerves of intracranial arteries in mammals.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0677101603
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In mammals, mean VIP concentrations in pial arteries varied between 19 and 82 pmol/g tissue wet weight.
In plain wordsIn animals, the body's own VIP in brain surface arteries ranged from 19 to 82 pmol per gram of tissue.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP content of pial arteries by radioimmunoassay
Study
multiple mammals (pig, cat, rat, cow, dog, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, rabbit, gerbil, mouse)n: not reported in source
pial and cerebral arteries, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
VIP content
19 to 82 pmol/g
pial arteries, wet weight
Source sentences
Summary
Measurement of the VIP content by radioimmunoassay shows mean concentrations in the pial arteries varying between 19 and 82 pmol/g tissue wet weight.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)-containing nerves of intracranial arteries in mammals.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0677101604
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In mammals, regional and species variation in measured VIP levels was similar to the variation in distribution of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres.
In plain wordsIn animals, differences in the body's own VIP levels matched differences in where VIP nerve fibres were found.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableAgreement of VIP levels with distribution of VIP nerve fibres
Study
multiple mammals (pig, cat, rat, cow, dog, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, rabbit, gerbil, mouse)n: not reported in source
pial and cerebral arteries, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Regional and species variations in measured VIP levels are similar to the variations in distribution of immunoreactive nerve fibres.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Title · context
VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)-containing nerves of intracranial arteries in mammals.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0677101605

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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