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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1982

6 results

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, enkephalin and neurotensin-like immunoreactive nerves in the chicken gut during development.

Saffrey MJ, Polak JM, Burnstock G

Neuroscience1 Jan 1982Cited by 49 (Europe PMC)

PMID6176901 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/0306-4522(82)90166-x (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-06176901
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured6

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In the chicken gut, VIP was found in nerve fibres with a distribution similar to that in the mammalian gut.

    In plain wordsIn chickens, the body's own VIP was found in gut nerve fibres in a pattern like that in mammals.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-like immunoreactive nerve fibre distribution in chicken gut
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    embryonic to adult chicken gut
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    All four peptides were found in nerve fibres, with characteristic distribution patterns, which, in the cases of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P and methionine enkephalin were similar to those described for the mammalian gut.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The ontogeny and distribution of nerve cell bodies and fibres which contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, enkephalin- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity have been studied in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, using immunocytochemistry.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In the chicken gut, many VIP-containing fibres arose from intrinsic neurons, as VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were observed.

    In plain wordsIn chickens, many gut nerve fibres with the body's own VIP came from nerve cells inside the gut wall.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in chicken gut
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    embryonic to adult chicken gut
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In addition, many of these fibres were shown to arise from intrinsic neurons, since immunoreactive nerve cell bodies for each of the peptides studied were observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The ontogeny and distribution of nerve cell bodies and fibres which contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, enkephalin- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity have been studied in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, using immunocytochemistry.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In chicken embryos, VIP was first observed at 11 days of incubation in the upper part of the gut tract, particularly the gizzard.

    In plain wordsIn chicken embryos, the body's own VIP first appeared at day 11, mostly in the upper gut.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableOnset of VIP immunoreactivity in chicken gut
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    embryonic to adult chicken gut
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    All four peptides were first observed at 11 days of incubation, or Hamburger-Hamilton stage 37, 20 in the upper part of the tract, particularly in the gizzard.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The ontogeny and distribution of nerve cell bodies and fibres which contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, enkephalin- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity have been studied in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, using immunocytochemistry.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In the developing chicken gut, VIP immunoreactivity developed from each end of the tract.

    In plain wordsIn developing chickens, the body's own VIP appeared in the gut starting from both ends.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableSpread of VIP immunoreactivity along the gut
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    embryonic to adult chicken gut
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Substance P and methionine enkephalin were subsequently seen in more caudal regions, while vasoactive intestinal polypeptide developed from each end of the tract.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The ontogeny and distribution of nerve cell bodies and fibres which contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, enkephalin- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity have been studied in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, using immunocytochemistry.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In chickens, adult patterns of immunoreactivity in nerve fibres, covering VIP and the other peptides studied, were reached during the first week after hatching.

    In plain wordsIn chickens, the adult pattern of nerve fibres with the body's own VIP and other peptides was reached in the first week after hatching.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableAdult pattern of immunoreactive fibres
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    embryonic to adult chicken gut
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Adult patterns of immunoreactivity in nerve fibres were achieved during the first week after hatching.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The ontogeny and distribution of nerve cell bodies and fibres which contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, enkephalin- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity have been studied in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, using immunocytochemistry.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  6. 06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In the chicken gut, immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies, for the peptides studied including VIP, were much more abundant in young chickens and embryos than in adult birds.

    In plain wordsIn chickens, gut nerve cells with the body's own VIP were far more common in young birds and embryos than in adult birds.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableAbundance of immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies by age
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    embryonic to adult chicken gut
    Outcome group
    Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    A striking observation was that immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were much more abundant in the gut of young chickens and chicken embryos than in that of adult birds.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The ontogeny and distribution of nerve cell bodies and fibres which contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, enkephalin- and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity have been studied in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, using immunocytochemistry.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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