MIF-1: effects on norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin metabolism in certain discrete brain regions.

Singhal RL, Rastogi RB

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior1 Feb 1982Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID6122214DOI10.1016/0091-3057(82)90153-8PepBankPUB-06122214

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study21

21 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, a single MIF‑1 injection did not significantly affect dopamine turnover.
In plain wordsIn rats, one MIF‑1 injection did not significantly change dopamine turnover.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
No significant changeDopamine turnover
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
3 mg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
A single injection of melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibitory factor (MIF-1) in a dose of 3 mg/kg IP produced no significant effect on dopamine turnover.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221401
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity by 25% compared with controls.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity compared with controls.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseStriatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Activity increase
25%
versus control
Source sentences
Summary
However, a dose of 5 mg/kg increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity by 25% and homovanillic acid level by 27% when compared to control values.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221402
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 increased striatal homovanillic acid by 27% compared with controls.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased striatal homovanillic acid compared with controls.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseStriatal homovanillic acid
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Level increase
27%
versus control
Source sentences
Summary
However, a dose of 5 mg/kg increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity by 25% and homovanillic acid level by 27% when compared to control values.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221403
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 did not change tyrosine hydroxylase activity in olfactory tubercles.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 did not change tyrosine hydroxylase activity in olfactory tubercles.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
No significant changeOlfactory tubercle tyrosine hydroxylase activity
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
No change in either parameter was detected in olfactory tubercles.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
However, a dose of 5 mg/kg increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity by 25% and homovanillic acid level by 27% when compared to control values.
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221404
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 did not change homovanillic acid levels in olfactory tubercles.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 did not change homovanillic acid in olfactory tubercles.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
No significant changeOlfactory tubercle homovanillic acid
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
No change in either parameter was detected in olfactory tubercles.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
However, a dose of 5 mg/kg increased striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity by 25% and homovanillic acid level by 27% when compared to control values.
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221405
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 elevated striatal dopamine levels.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased dopamine in the striatum.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseStriatal dopamine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221406
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 elevated dopamine levels in the pons-medulla.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased dopamine in the pons-medulla.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreasePons-medulla dopamine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221407
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 elevated dopamine levels in the cerebral cortex.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased dopamine in the cerebral cortex.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseCerebral cortex dopamine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221408
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 reduced olfactory tubercle dopamine to 71% of control values.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 reduced dopamine in olfactory tubercles compared with controls.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
DecreaseOlfactory tubercle dopamine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Comparator
Control
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Dopamine
71 % of control
olfactory tubercles
Source sentences
Summary
In olfactory tubercles, dopamine levels were however, reduced to 71% of control values taken as 100%.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221409
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 significantly increased norepinephrine concentration in olfactory tubercles.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased norepinephrine in olfactory tubercles.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseOlfactory tubercle norepinephrine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The concentration of norepinephrine tended to increase in several brain areas examined but, the change was statistically significant only in olfactory tubercles and cerebral cortex.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221410
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 significantly increased norepinephrine concentration in the cerebral cortex.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased norepinephrine in the cerebral cortex.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseCerebral cortex norepinephrine
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The concentration of norepinephrine tended to increase in several brain areas examined but, the change was statistically significant only in olfactory tubercles and cerebral cortex.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221411
12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, norepinephrine tended to increase in other examined brain areas without statistical significance.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 tended to increase norepinephrine in other examined brain areas, but the changes were not statistically significant.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
No significant changeNorepinephrine in other examined brain areas
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The concentration of norepinephrine tended to increase in several brain areas examined but, the change was statistically significant only in olfactory tubercles and cerebral cortex.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221412
13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 lowered whole-brain 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol to 63%.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 lowered a norepinephrine breakdown product in the whole brain.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
DecreaseWhole-brain norepinephrine metabolite
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
5 mg/kgAs given in this study (rat).
Measurements
Metabolite level
63%
whole brain
Source sentences
Summary
The level of norepinephrine metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, was lowered to 63% in whole brain of animals given MIF-1 at the dose of 5 mg/kg.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221413
14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 appeared to produce no consistent change in brain serotonin turnover.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 appeared to produce no consistent change in brain serotonin turnover.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
MixedBrain serotonin turnover
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
However, MIF-1 treatment seemed to produce no consistent change in brain serotonin turnover.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221414
15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 increased striatal serotonin.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased serotonin in the striatum.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseStriatal serotonin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In striatum and cortex, this neuropeptide increased serotonin but elevated the level of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid indicating that the release of this brain amine was decreased in these two brain regions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221415
16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 increased cortical serotonin.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased serotonin in the cortex.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseCortical serotonin
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In striatum and cortex, this neuropeptide increased serotonin but elevated the level of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid indicating that the release of this brain amine was decreased in these two brain regions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221416
17AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 increased striatal 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased a serotonin breakdown product in the striatum.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseStriatal 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In striatum and cortex, this neuropeptide increased serotonin but elevated the level of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid indicating that the release of this brain amine was decreased in these two brain regions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221417
18AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 increased cortical 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased a serotonin breakdown product in the cortex.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseCortical 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In striatum and cortex, this neuropeptide increased serotonin but elevated the level of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid indicating that the release of this brain amine was decreased in these two brain regions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221418
19AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, monoamine changes indicated decreased serotonin release in the striatum and cortex after MIF‑1.
In plain wordsIn rats, chemical changes indicated that MIF‑1 decreased serotonin release in the striatum and cortex.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
DecreaseSerotonin release in striatum and cortex
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In striatum and cortex, this neuropeptide increased serotonin but elevated the level of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid indicating that the release of this brain amine was decreased in these two brain regions.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221419
20AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 enhanced hypothalamic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid regardless of dose.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased a serotonin breakdown product in the hypothalamus regardless of dose.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreaseHypothalamic 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were enhanced in hypothalamus and pons-medulla regardless of the dose of MIF-1 administered.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221420
21AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats, MIF‑1 enhanced pons-medulla 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid regardless of dose.
In plain wordsIn rats, MIF‑1 increased a serotonin breakdown product in the pons-medulla regardless of dose.
Peptide
MIF-1 (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2)
Outcome
IncreasePons-medulla 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Brain monoamine metabolism
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were enhanced in hypothalamus and pons-medulla regardless of the dose of MIF-1 administered.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Dopamine levels also were elevated in striatum, pons-medulla and cerebral cortex in rats receiving 5 mg/kg dose of MIF-1.
Report a problemFND-0612221421

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

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