Male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: factors influencing response to human chorionic gonadotropin and human menopausal gonadotropin, including prior exogenous androgens.

Ley SB, Leonard JM

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 Oct 1985Cited by 53 (Europe PMC)

PMID3928676DOI10.1210/jcem-61-4-746PepBankPUB-03928676

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
Three men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism developed sperm in the ejaculate during hCG treatment alone.
In plain wordsThree men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism developed sperm in semen during hCG treatment alone.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseSperm in ejaculate
Study
n = 13
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Men with sperm in ejaculate
3 men
hCG treatment alone; 13 men treated
Source sentences
Summary
Three men had sperm in the ejaculate with hCG treatment alone.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
Report a problemFND-0392867603
02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
After hMG withdrawal, four of five men maintained or increased sperm production with continued hCG therapy.
In plain wordsAfter hMG withdrawal, four of five men maintained or increased sperm production with continued hCG therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
MixedMaintenance of sperm production after hMG withdrawal
Study
n = 5
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Measurements
Men who maintained or increased sperm production after hMG withdrawal
4 men
of 5 men with sperm density >1 million/ml on combined therapy, continued hCG
Source sentences
Summary
Four of 5 who achieved sperm densities greater than 1 million/ml while receiving combined therapy maintained or increased sperm production while receiving continued hCG therapy after hMG was withdrawn.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
Report a problemFND-0392867607

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

03HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
All men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism achieved normal testosterone levels during the protocol of hCG, with hMG added in 12 men.
In plain wordsAll men achieved normal testosterone levels during the hCG protocol, with hMG added in 12 men.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseTestosterone normalization
Study
n = 13
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
During therapy, all achieved normal male levels of T.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867601
04HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
During gonadotropin therapy, 12 of 13 men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism had a marked continuous increase in testicular volume.
In plain wordsDuring gonadotropin therapy, 12 of 13 men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism had a marked increase in testicular size.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseTesticular volume
Study
n = 13
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Men with increase in testicular volume
12 men
of 13 men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Source sentences
Summary
Twelve of 13 had marked and continuous increase in testicular volume.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867602
05HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialOther
During gonadotropin therapy, prior testosterone treatment did not alter the rapidity or degree of serum testosterone response.
In plain wordsDuring gonadotropin therapy, testosterone response was similar in men with and without previous testosterone treatment.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeTestosterone response by prior androgen treatment
Study
n = 13
Comparator
No previous testosterone therapy
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in rapidity or degree of response, as assessed by rise in serum T, increase in testis volume, or maximal sperm density achieved.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined the response to gonadotropin therapy of men who had received previous T therapy and those who had not.
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867608
06HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialOther
During gonadotropin therapy, prior testosterone treatment did not alter the rapidity or degree of testicular volume response.
In plain wordsDuring gonadotropin therapy, testicular size response was similar in men with and without previous testosterone treatment.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeTesticular volume response by prior androgen treatment
Study
n = 13
Comparator
No previous testosterone therapy
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in rapidity or degree of response, as assessed by rise in serum T, increase in testis volume, or maximal sperm density achieved.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined the response to gonadotropin therapy of men who had received previous T therapy and those who had not.
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867609
07HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialOther
During gonadotropin therapy, maximal sperm density did not differ by prior testosterone treatment.
In plain wordsDuring gonadotropin therapy, maximum sperm density was similar in men with and without previous testosterone treatment.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeMaximum sperm density by prior androgen treatment
Study
n = 13
Comparator
No previous testosterone therapy
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
There were no differences in rapidity or degree of response, as assessed by rise in serum T, increase in testis volume, or maximal sperm density achieved.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined the response to gonadotropin therapy of men who had received previous T therapy and those who had not.
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867610
08HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
All but one patient developed sperm in seminal fluid during combined hCG and hMG therapy for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
In plain wordsAll but one patient developed sperm in semen during combined hCG and hMG therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseSperm during combination
Study
n = 12
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Patients without sperm in seminal fluid
1 patients
combined hCG and hMG therapy
Source sentences
Summary
All but 1 patient developed sperm in their seminal fluid during combined hCG and hMG therapy.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867604
09HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
During the gonadotropin protocol for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, two men achieved three pregnancies.
In plain wordsDuring the gonadotropin protocol, two men achieved three pregnancies.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Not applicablePregnancies
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Pregnancies
3 pregnancies
achieved by two men during the protocol
Men achieving pregnancy
2 men
during the protocol period
Source sentences
Summary
Two men achieved three pregnancies, and 2 more had semen that produced hamster oocyte penetration assays in the fertile range during the protocol period.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867605
10HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
During the gonadotropin protocol, two additional men had semen with hamster oocyte penetration assays in the fertile range.
In plain wordsDuring the gonadotropin protocol, two additional men had semen that reached the fertile range in a laboratory egg penetration test.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Not applicableHamster oocyte penetration
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Additional men with semen in fertile range on hamster oocyte penetration assay
2 men
during the protocol period
Source sentences
Summary
Two men achieved three pregnancies, and 2 more had semen that produced hamster oocyte penetration assays in the fertile range during the protocol period.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867606
11HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialOther
Multiple pituitary deficits and cryptorchidism were negative prognostic factors during gonadotropin treatment for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
In plain wordsMultiple pituitary deficits and cryptorchidism were linked to a poorer response during gonadotropin treatment.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
DecreasePrognostic factors for treatment response
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
Multiple pituitary deficits and cryptorchidism were negative prognostic factors.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thirteen men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism received treatment with hCG, followed in 12 by the addition of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0392867611

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

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