Two-year comparison of testicular responses to pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone and exogenous gonadotropins from the inception of therapy in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Liu L, Banks SM, Barnes KM, Sherins RJ

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 Dec 1988Cited by 74 (Europe PMC)

PMID3142911DOI10.1210/jcem-67-6-1140PepBankPUB-03142911

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

01HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, total testosterone during hCG/hMG therapy was significantly higher than during GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hCG/hMG produced higher total testosterone than GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseTotal testosterone
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
P value for mean plasma total testosterone
< 0.01 p value
GnRH-treated men versus hCG/hMG-treated men during therapy
Source sentences
Summary
In the GnRH-treated men, the mean plasma total and free testosterone levels during therapy rose to within the normal range, but were significantly lower (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively) than those in the hCG/hMG-treated men.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291101
02HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, free testosterone during hCG/hMG therapy was significantly higher than during GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hCG/hMG produced higher free testosterone than GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseFree testosterone
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
P value for mean plasma free testosterone
< 0.02 p value
GnRH-treated men versus hCG/hMG-treated men during therapy
Source sentences
Summary
In the GnRH-treated men, the mean plasma total and free testosterone levels during therapy rose to within the normal range, but were significantly lower (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively) than those in the hCG/hMG-treated men.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291102
03HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, estradiol was high-normal and similar during hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, estradiol was high-normal and similar with hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeEstradiol
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Source sentences
Summary
The mean plasma estradiol concentrations during therapy were within the high normal range and were similar in the two groups.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291103
04HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, FSH was significantly lower during hCG/hMG therapy than during GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, FSH was lower with hCG/hMG than with GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
DecreaseFSH
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
FSH, GnRH-treated men relative to hCG/hMG-treated men
1.3 to 3.2 fold
mean plasma FSH during therapy
P value for mean plasma FSH
< 0.01 p value
GnRH-treated men versus hCG/hMG-treated men during therapy
Source sentences
Summary
The mean plasma FSH levels achieved in the GnRH-treated men were significantly (P less than 0.01) and 1.3- to 3.2-fold higher than those in the hCG/hMG-treated men.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291104
05HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, testicular size did not differ significantly between hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, testicular size did not differ significantly between hCG/hMG and GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeTesticular size between regimens
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
P value for mean testicular size between regimens
0.08 p value
GnRH-treated men versus hCG/hMG-treated men
Mean testicular volume relative to pretreatment
4.8 fold
GnRH group, after 2 yr
Mean testicular volume relative to pretreatment
4.3 fold
hCG/hMG group, after 2 yr
Source sentences
Summary
The mean testicular size achieved in the GnRH-treated men was not significantly different from that in the hCG/hMG-treated men (P = 0.08)
Summary
The mean testicular size achieved in the GnRH-treated men was not significantly different from that in the hCG/hMG-treated men (P = 0.08); the mean testicular volumes after 2 yr were 4.8- and 4.3-fold the pretreatment values in the GnRH and hCG/hMG groups, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291105
06HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, no hCG/hMG-treated man and one GnRH-treated man produced sperm after 12 months.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, no man on hCG/hMG and one on GnRH produced sperm after 12 months.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Direction not reportedSperm production at 12 months
Study
n = 16
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Men producing sperm
1 men
GnRH group at 12 months
Source sentences
Summary
After 12 months of therapy, sperm production had occurred in one man in the GnRH group and in no subject in the hCG/hMG group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291107
07HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, mean testicular volume after hCG/hMG was 4.3-fold the pretreatment value after 2 yr.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hCG/hMG increased testicular volume compared with pretreatment.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseTesticular volume change
Study
n = 11
Comparator
Pretreatment
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Testicular volume relative to pretreatment
4.3 fold
hCG/hMG group after 2 yr
Source sentences
Summary
the mean testicular volumes after 2 yr were 4.8- and 4.3-fold the pretreatment values in the GnRH and hCG/hMG groups, respectively.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291106
08HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sperm production after 2 yr did not differ significantly between hCG/hMG and GnRH.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sperm production after 2 yr did not differ significantly between hCG/hMG and GnRH.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeSperm production at 24 months
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Men producing sperm
80%
hCG/hMG group after 2 yr
Men producing sperm
40%
GnRH group after 2 yr
Men producing sperm
8 men
hCG/hMG group at 24 months
Men producing sperm
2 men
GnRH group at 24 months
Source sentences
Summary
Thus, 40% of the GnRH-treated men and 80% of the hCG/hMG-treated men (P = NS) produced sperm after 2 yr of therapy.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After 24 months, two men in the GnRH group and eight men in the hCG/hMG group produced sperm.
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291108
09HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with complete isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sperm concentrations were below 5 million/mL and comparable with hCG/hMG and GnRH.
In plain wordsIn men with complete hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, sperm concentrations were similarly low with hCG/hMG and GnRH.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
No significant changeSperm concentration
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Sperm concentration
< 5 million/mL
all men, both groups
Source sentences
Summary
The sperm concentrations in all men were below 5 million/mL and were comparable in the two groups (P = NS).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Five men were treated with pulsatile GnRH in doses of 143-714 ng/kg every 2 h, sc, while 11 other men received hCG (2000 IU) and hMG (75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH) im 3 times/week.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0314291109

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.