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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 25 · 1986

8 results

Intranasal peptide contraception by inhibition of ovulation with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist nafarelin: six months' clinical results.

Gudmundsson JA, Nillius SJ, Bergquist C

Fertility and sterility1 May 1986Cited by 8 (Europe PMC)

PMID2938984 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49331-3 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-02938984
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. 8 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome

    In women using lower-dose nafarelin, three discontinued prematurely, mainly because of hot flushes.

    In plain wordsThree women using lower-dose nafarelin stopped early, mainly because of hot flushes.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicablePremature discontinuation at lower dose
    Study

    n = 25

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Reproductive and sexual health
    Studied dose
    125 micrograms daily · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Women who discontinued prematurely
    3 women
    lower dose, 125 micrograms daily

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Three women on the lower dose and six women on the higher dose discontinued the trial prematurely, mainly because of hot flushes.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome

    In women using higher-dose nafarelin, six discontinued prematurely, mainly because of hot flushes.

    In plain wordsSix women using higher-dose nafarelin stopped early, mainly because of hot flushes.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicablePremature discontinuation at higher dose
    Study

    n = 22

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Reproductive and sexual health
    Studied dose
    250 micrograms daily · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Women who discontinued prematurely
    6 women
    higher dose, 250 micrograms daily

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Three women on the lower dose and six women on the higher dose discontinued the trial prematurely, mainly because of hot flushes.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In women using nafarelin contraception, ovulation was inhibited during 261 of 262 treatment months.

    In plain wordsIn women using nafarelin contraception, ovulation stopped during 261 of 262 treatment months.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableOvulation inhibition
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
    Studied dose
    125 or 250 micrograms daily · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Treatment months with ovulation inhibited
    261 treatment months
    of 262 treatment months, nafarelin 125 or 250 micrograms daily intranasal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Ovulation was consistently inhibited during 261 of 262 treatment months.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.
  4. 04HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In women using nafarelin, no pregnancy occurred during 222 months without additional contraceptives.

    In plain wordsIn women using nafarelin, no pregnancy occurred during 222 months without other contraceptives.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicablePregnancy
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
    Studied dose
    125 or 250 micrograms daily · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No pregnancy occurred during 222 months in which no additional contraceptives were used.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.
  5. 05HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In women using nafarelin, mean plasma estradiol was 162 pmol/l after 6 months.

    In plain wordsIn women using nafarelin, average blood estradiol was 162 pmol/l after 6 months.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableEstradiol at 6 months
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
    Studied dose
    125 or 250 micrograms daily · intranasal · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Mean plasma estradiol
    162 pmol/l
    after 6 months of treatment

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The mean plasma estradiol level after 6 months of treatment was 162 pmol/l.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.
  6. 06HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome

    In women using nafarelin, oligomenorrhea was the predominant bleeding pattern.

    In plain wordsIn women using nafarelin, infrequent menstrual bleeding was the main bleeding pattern.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableOligomenorrhea
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
    Studied dose
    125 or 250 micrograms daily · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The predominant bleeding pattern was oligomenorrhea.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.
  7. 07HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome

    In women using nafarelin, no serious side effects were reported.

    In plain wordsIn women using nafarelin, no serious side effects were reported.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableSerious side effects
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body
    Studied dose
    125 or 250 micrograms daily · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No serious side effects were reported.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.
  8. 08HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In women after nafarelin discontinuation, ovulatory menstruations returned after a median of 43 days.

    In plain wordsIn women, ovulatory periods returned a median of 43 days after nafarelin ended.

    Peptide
    Nafarelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableOvulatory menstrual recovery
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
    Studied dose
    125 or 250 micrograms daily · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Median time to return of ovulatory menstruation
    43 days
    after discontinuation of nafarelin therapy

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Ovulatory menstruations returned after a median time of 43 days after discontinuation of therapy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception.
    Summary · context
    The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    27 Oct 2026, 16:36 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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