A comparison of the effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on secretion from the submaxillary gland of the sheep and pig.

Reid AM, Heywood LH

Regulatory peptides1 Mar 1988Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID2896373DOI10.1016/0167-0115(88)90077-8PepBankPUB-02896373

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In sheep, intracarotid VIP injections produced saliva secretion from the submaxillary gland that continued after nerve-receptor blockers were given.
In plain wordsIn sheep, VIP injected into the carotid artery made the jaw salivary gland secrete saliva, even after blocking other nerve signals.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseSaliva secretion after VIP injection in sheep
Study
sheepn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracarotidAs given in this study (sheep).
Source sentences
Summary
Intracarotid injections of VIP produced secretion of saliva from the ovine gland which continued after administration of atropine, phentolamine and propranolol.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637301
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In sheep, saliva evoked by VIP had a protein concentration over 5-fold greater than saliva evoked by acetylcholine.
In plain wordsIn sheep, saliva made after VIP had much more protein than saliva made after acetylcholine.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseProtein concentration of VIP-evoked saliva in sheep
Study
sheepn: not reported in source
Comparator
Acetylcholine
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracarotidAs given in this study (sheep).
Measurements
protein concentration ratio
> 5-fold
VIP versus acetylcholine
Source sentences
Summary
The protein concentration of this saliva was over 5-fold greater than that secreted in response to acetylcholine.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637302
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, intracarotid VIP injection did not evoke secretion from the submaxillary gland.
In plain wordsIn pigs, VIP injected into the carotid artery did not make the jaw salivary gland secrete saliva.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeSaliva secretion after VIP injection in pigs
Study
pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracarotidAs given in this study (pig).
Source sentences
Summary
Intracarotid injection of VIP did not evoke secretion from the porcine submaxillary gland
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637303
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, intracarotid VIP injection increased 3-fold the protein concentration in saliva evoked by subsequent acetylcholine.
In plain wordsIn pigs, VIP raised the protein level of saliva that acetylcholine later evoked.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseProtein concentration of acetylcholine-evoked saliva in pigs after VIP
Study
pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracarotidAs given in this study (pig).
Measurements
protein concentration increase
3-fold
pig, after VIP injection
Source sentences
Summary
but increased 3-fold the protein concentration in saliva evoked by subsequent intracarotid injection of acetylcholine.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637304
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In sheep, intracarotid VIP infusions produced dose-related increases in flow of submaxillary saliva (up to 1.9-fold) during a background infusion of bethanechol.
In plain wordsIn sheep, VIP infusion raised the flow of saliva made with bethanechol, with larger doses giving larger increases.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseSaliva flow during VIP infusion with bethanechol in sheep
Study
sheepn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracarotidAs given in this study (sheep).
Measurements
saliva flow increase
≤ 1.9-fold
sheep, VIP infusion with bethanechol
Source sentences
Summary
Intracarotid infusions of VIP in sheep produced dose-related increases in both flow (up to 1.9-fold) and protein concentration (up to 42-fold) of submaxillary saliva secreted in response to a background infusion of bethanechol.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637305
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In sheep, intracarotid VIP infusions produced dose-related increases in protein concentration of submaxillary saliva (up to 42-fold) during a background infusion of bethanechol.
In plain wordsIn sheep, VIP infusion raised the protein level of saliva made with bethanechol, with larger doses giving larger increases.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseSaliva protein concentration during VIP infusion with bethanechol in sheep
Study
sheepn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
Dose not stated · intracarotidAs given in this study (sheep).
Measurements
protein concentration increase
≤ 42-fold
sheep, VIP infusion with bethanechol
Source sentences
Summary
Intracarotid infusions of VIP in sheep produced dose-related increases in both flow (up to 1.9-fold) and protein concentration (up to 42-fold) of submaxillary saliva secreted in response to a background infusion of bethanechol.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637306
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, intracarotid VIP infusions increased flow of bethanechol-evoked saliva by about 25% at each dose, without a dose-related pattern.
In plain wordsIn pigs, VIP infusion raised the flow of saliva made with bethanechol by about the same amount at each dose.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseSaliva flow during VIP infusion with bethanechol in pigs
Study
pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
0.015, 0.15 and 1.5 nmol/min · intracarotidAs given in this study (pig).
Measurements
saliva flow increase
≈ 25%
pig, each VIP dose
Source sentences
Summary
In pigs, intracarotid infusions of VIP at 0.015, 0.15 and 1.5 nmol/min produced increases in both flow and protein concentration of bethanechol-evoked saliva. The increases in protein concentration (up to 2.8-fold) were dose-related, but the increases in flow were not, being ca. 25% with each dose of VIP.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637307
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In pigs, intracarotid VIP infusions produced dose-related increases (up to 2.8-fold) in protein concentration of bethanechol-evoked saliva.
In plain wordsIn pigs, VIP infusion raised the protein level of saliva made with bethanechol, with larger doses giving larger increases.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseSaliva protein concentration during VIP infusion with bethanechol in pigs
Study
pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Gastrointestinal function · Gastrointestinal
Studied dose
0.015, 0.15 and 1.5 nmol/min · intracarotidAs given in this study (pig).
Measurements
protein concentration increase
≤ 2.8-fold
pig, VIP infusion with bethanechol
Source sentences
Summary
In pigs, intracarotid infusions of VIP at 0.015, 0.15 and 1.5 nmol/min produced increases in both flow and protein concentration of bethanechol-evoked saliva. The increases in protein concentration (up to 2.8-fold) were dose-related, but the increases in flow were not, being ca. 25% with each dose of VIP.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects, on secretion of fluid and protein from the submaxillary gland of intracarotid injections of acetylcholine or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and intracarotid infusions of VIP during a background of muscarinic stimulation, were examined in sheep and pigs.
Report a problemFND-0289637308

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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