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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 1989

9 results

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in the human pituitary gland and adenomas. An immunocytochemical study.

Hsu DW, Riskind PN, Hedley-Whyte ET

The American journal of pathology1 Aug 1989Cited by 22 (Europe PMC)

PMID2782377 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC1879925 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-02782377
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured9

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In human pituitary adenomas, strong VIP-like immunoreactivity was present in 14 of 18 nonfunctioning adenomas.

    In plain wordsIn human pituitary tumours that make no hormone, natural VIP was found in 14 of 18 samples.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-like immunoreactivity in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
    Study

    n = 18

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    14 of 18 nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Of 18 normal human anterior pituitaries, 12 showed strong diffuse staining for VIP throughout the gland.

    In plain wordsIn human pituitary glands from people without tumours, natural VIP stained strongly throughout the gland in 12 of 18.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP staining in normal anterior pituitaries
    Study

    n = 18

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Of 18 normal anterior pituitaries, 12 showed strong diffuse staining for VIP throughout the gland.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In human pituitary adenomas, strong VIP-like immunoreactivity was present in 16 of 17 prolactinomas.

    In plain wordsIn human pituitary tumours that make prolactin, natural VIP was found in 16 of 17 samples.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-like immunoreactivity in prolactinomas
    Study

    n = 17

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Strong VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) was observed in 16 of 17 prolactinomas
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In human pituitary adenomas, strong VIP-like immunoreactivity was present in 12 of 14 growth hormone-secreting tumors associated with acromegaly.

    In plain wordsIn human pituitary tumours that make growth hormone, natural VIP was found in 12 of 14 samples.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-like immunoreactivity in growth hormone-secreting tumors
    Study

    n = 14

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    12 of 14 growth hormone-secreting tumors associated with acromegaly
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  5. 05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In human pituitary adenomas, strong VIP-like immunoreactivity was present in four of 12 ACTH-secreting tumors.

    In plain wordsIn human pituitary tumours that make ACTH, natural VIP was found in four of 12 samples.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-like immunoreactivity in ACTH-secreting tumors
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    four of 12 ACTH-secreting tumors, and 14 of 18 nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  6. 06HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    Of six nonfunctioning pituitary tumors with no demonstrable hormone immunoreactivity, five stained strongly for VIP and one was negative.

    In plain wordsIn human pituitary tumours with no detectable hormone, natural VIP stained strongly in five of six samples.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP immunoreactivity in hormone-negative nonfunctioning tumors
    Study

    n = 6

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Six of the 18 nonfunctioning tumors had no demonstrable hormone immunoreactivity; five of these stained strongly for VIP, whereas one was negative.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  7. 07HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    One pituitary with VIP-like immunoreactivity came from an individual who had undergone pituitary stalk transection.

    In plain wordsIn one person whose pituitary stalk had been cut, the pituitary still contained natural VIP.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVIP-like immunoreactivity after pituitary stalk transection
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    One pituitary with VIP-LI came from an individual who had undergone pituitary stalk transection.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  8. 08HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    VIP-like immunoreactivity was found in many lactotrophs, scattered thyrotrophs, corticotrophs and an occasional gonadotroph of human pituitaries.

    In plain wordsIn human pituitary glands, natural VIP was found in several kinds of hormone-making cells, most often lactotrophs.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableCell types containing VIP-like immunoreactivity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Double-immunoenzyme labeling and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated VIP-LI in many lactotrophs, scattered thyrotrophs, corticotrophs, and in an occasional gonadotroph.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  9. 09HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In most human pituitary adenomas and normal anterior pituitaries with VIP-like immunoreactivity, VIP was colocalized with the classical pituitary hormones.

    In plain wordsIn most human pituitary samples, the body's own VIP was found in the same cells as the usual pituitary hormones.

    Peptide
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
    Outcome
    Not applicableColocalization of VIP with classical pituitary hormones
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Sex hormones and fertility · Endocrine and hormones

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In most cases, VIP was colocalized with the classical pituitary hormones.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Immunocytochemistry was used to localize VIP in human biopsied pituitary adenomas and postmortem anterior pituitary glands.

    This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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