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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 1989

12 results

In vivo effects of a thymosin alpha 1-containing colostral whey product on neutrophils and lymphocytes from lactating cows without and with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis.

Kehrli ME Jr, Nonnecke BJ, Wood RL, Roth JA

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology1 Jan 1989Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID2705295 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/0165-2427(89)90095-0 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-02705295
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone12

In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  1. 01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In lactating cows without mastitis, a whey product with thymosin alpha‑1 slightly increased the proportion of small mononuclear cells in milk.

    In plain wordsIn cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 slightly raised the share of small mononuclear cells in milk.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseProportion of mononuclear cells in milk
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ID-1 treatment appeared to slightly increase the proportion of small MNC in milk
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  2. 02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In lactating cows without mastitis, the whey product increased neutrophil random migration from pretreatment levels by 73% more than in controls.

    In plain wordsIn cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 raised neutrophil movement more than in untreated cows.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseNeutrophil random migration
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Measurements

    Increase in random migration vs controls
    73%
    ID-1 treated cows

    Source sentences

    Summary
    to increase random migration from pretreatment levels by 73% more than increases observed in controls
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  3. 03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In lactating cows without mastitis, the whey product had no significant effect on milk production.

    In plain wordsIn cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 did not change milk production.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeMilk production
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Lactation and milk synthesis · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant effect of ID-1 treatment on milk production
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  4. 04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In lactating cows without mastitis, the whey product had no significant effect on total milk somatic cell counts.

    In plain wordsIn cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 did not change total milk cell counts.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeTotal milk somatic cell counts
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant effect of ID-1 treatment on milk production, total milk somatic cell counts, Lc blastogenesis, or other PMN functions was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  5. 05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In lactating cows without mastitis, the whey product had no significant effect on lymphocyte blastogenesis.

    In plain wordsIn cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 did not change lymphocyte growth responses.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeLymphocyte blastogenesis
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant effect of ID-1 treatment on milk production, total milk somatic cell counts, Lc blastogenesis, or other PMN functions was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  6. 06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In lactating cows without mastitis, the whey product had no significant effect on neutrophil functions other than random migration.

    In plain wordsIn cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 did not change other neutrophil functions.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeOther neutrophil functions
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant effect of ID-1 treatment on milk production, total milk somatic cell counts, Lc blastogenesis, or other PMN functions was observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  7. 07AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cows with experimental S. aureus intramammary infection, the whey product significantly lowered blood leukocyte count.

    In plain wordsIn infected cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 lowered blood white cell counts.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseBlood leukocyte count in S. aureus mastitis
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In cows with experimental Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections, ID-1 treatment resulted in a significant decline in blood leukocyte count (P less than 0.001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  8. 08AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cows with experimental S. aureus intramammary infection, the whey product significantly lowered blood neutrophil count.

    In plain wordsIn infected cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 lowered blood neutrophil counts.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    DecreaseBlood neutrophil count in S. aureus mastitis
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In cows with experimental Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections, ID-1 treatment resulted in a significant decline in blood leukocyte count (P less than 0.001) and blood PMN count (P less than 0.02)

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  9. 09AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cows with experimental S. aureus intramammary infection, the whey product maintained neutrophil random migration while it declined in controls.

    In plain wordsIn infected cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 kept neutrophil movement steady while it fell in controls.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseNeutrophil random migration in S. aureus mastitis
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In cows with experimental Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections, ID-1 treatment resulted in a significant decline in blood leukocyte count (P less than 0.001) and blood PMN count (P less than 0.02), and maintained PMN random migration (P less than 0.01) while controls declined

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  10. 10AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cows with experimental S. aureus intramammary infection, the whey product abrogated the depression of lymphocyte response to mitogens seen in controls.

    In plain wordsIn infected cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 prevented the drop in lymphocyte response seen in controls.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseLymphocyte response to mitogens in S. aureus mastitis
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    abrogated a depression in the ability of Lc to respond to mitogens (P less than 0.05) that developed in controls as a result of S. aureus mastitis
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In cows with experimental Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  11. 11AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    Injection of the whey product into cows had no adverse effect on overall health or level of milk production.

    In plain wordsIn cows, injecting a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 had no harmful effect on health or milk production.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    No significant changeOverall health and milk production after injection
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Injection of ID-1 into cows had no adverse effect on their overall health or level of milk production
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

  12. 12AnimalNot a test of Thymosin alpha-1 aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In cows with experimental S. aureus infection, the whey product was followed by a more severe intramammary infection, with a 9% increase in log10 bacterial shedding in milk.

    In plain wordsIn infected cows, a whey product containing thymosin alpha‑1 was followed by more severe infection and more bacteria in milk.

    Peptide
    Thymosin alpha-1
    Outcome
    IncreaseBacterial shedding in milk in S. aureus mastitis
    Study

    cown: not reported in source

    lactating cows
    Comparator
    Controls
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Measurements

    Increase in log10 bacterial shedding
    9%
    milk

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In spite of these subtle changes which might indicate increased resistance to mastitis, cows actually developed a more severe S. aureus intramammary infection based on a 9% increase in log 10 bacterial shedding in milk.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two separate experiments evaluated ID-1 (a commercial bovine whey product containing 5200 pg of thymosin alpha 1/ml) as an immunotherapeutic agent in lactating cows.

    In this study, Thymosin alpha-1 was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin alpha-1.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 3Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:55 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 2

    9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:02 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

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