Survey of distribution of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, Met-enkephalin, bombesin and PHI in the spinal cord of cat, dog, sloth and monkey.

Yaksh TL, Michener SR, Bailey JE, Harty GJ, Lucas DL, Nelson DK, Roddy DR, Go VL

Peptides1 Mar 1988Cited by 66 (Europe PMC)

PMID2453858DOI10.1016/0196-9781(88)90272-0PepBankPUB-02453858

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured5

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the cat sacral spinal cord, VIP (VIP1-28) immunoreactivity was 210 ng/g.
In plain wordsIn the cat sacral spinal cord, the body's own VIP was measured at 210 ng/g.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP level in cat sacral spinal cord
Study
catn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pain · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
VIP1-28 immunoreactivity
210 ng/g
cat sacral cord
Source sentences
Summary
The levels of peptides in the cat sacral cord and the principal peaks of immunoreactivity on a 10-60% acetonitrile gradient on a C18 reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were sP (sP1-11: 369 ng/g), PHI (PHI: 271 ng/g), VIP (VIP1-28: 210 ng/g), Met-Enk (Met1-5 and extended form…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Levels of substance P (sP), peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT), bombesin (BOM) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) like immunoreactivity were measured in cat, dog, primate and sloth cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacra…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0245385801
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
VIP showed a sacral to cervical spinal cord ratio of 79, unlike other peptides with an approximately even distribution.
In plain wordsThe body's own VIP was much higher in the lower end of the spinal cord than in the neck region.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableSacral to cervical ratio of VIP
Study
cat, dog, primate, slothn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pain · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
Sacral/cervical ratio
79 ratio
VIP
Source sentences
Summary
Consideration of the rostrocaudal levels revealed an approximately even distribution with the exception of VIP and PHI which showed sacral/cervical ratios of 79 and 63.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Levels of substance P (sP), peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT), bombesin (BOM) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) like immunoreactivity were measured in cat, dog, primate and sloth cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacra…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0245385802
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
For VIP, the dorsal to ventral ratio was greater than 1 only in the sacral cord.
In plain wordsThe body's own VIP was higher in the back part than in the front part of the spinal cord only at its lower end.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableDorsal to ventral ratio of VIP
Study
cat, dog, primate, slothn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pain · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
For VIP, PHI and CCK these ratios were greater than 1 only in the sacral cord.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Levels of substance P (sP), peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT), bombesin (BOM) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) like immunoreactivity were measured in cat, dog, primate and sloth cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacra…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0245385803
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
Dorsal root ganglion VIP levels were readily measurable in single ganglia and covaried with the levels in the dorsal cord.
In plain wordsThe body's own VIP in nerve ganglia could be measured and rose and fell together with levels in the back of the spinal cord.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP level in dorsal root ganglia
Study
cat, dog, primate, slothn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pain · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) levels of sP, VIP, PHI were readily measurable in single ganglia and covaried with the respective levels in the dorsal cord.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Levels of substance P (sP), peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT), bombesin (BOM) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) like immunoreactivity were measured in cat, dog, primate and sloth cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacra…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0245385804
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In pooled samples of spinal ganglia and trigeminal ganglia, VIP immunoreactivity was 26 ng/g.
In plain wordsIn nerve ganglia samples, the body's own VIP was measured at 26 ng/g.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP level in pooled spinal and trigeminal ganglia
Study
cat, dog, primate, slothn: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pain · Nervous system and cognition
Measurements
VIP immunoreactivity
26 ng/g
pooled spinal and trigeminal ganglia
Source sentences
Summary
Pooled samples of spinal ganglia and the trigeminal ganglia revealed that the relative levels of peptide immunoreactivity were: sP (25 ng/g); VIP (26 ng/g); PHI (28 ng/g); Met-Enk (6 ng/g); CCK (2 ng/g); NT (1 ng/g); and BOM (1 ng/g).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Levels of substance P (sP), peptide-histidine-isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT), bombesin (BOM) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) like immunoreactivity were measured in cat, dog, primate and sloth cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacra…
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0245385805

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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