Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive structures in the opossum esophagus.

Christensen J, Williams TH, Jew J, O'Dorisio TM

Gastroenterology1 Apr 1987Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID2435603DOI10.1016/0016-5085(87)90977-2PepBankPUB-02435603

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured7

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the opossum oesophagus, VIP-immunoreactive terminal nerves interlaced smooth muscle bundles in all layers, wrapped muscle cells in striated muscle, and supplied vessels and submucosal glands.
In plain wordsIn opossums, nerves containing the body's own VIP were found in oesophageal muscle layers, blood vessels and glands.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP-immunoreactive terminal nerves in oesophageal muscle
Study
opossumn: not reported in source
Opossum esophagus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Immunoreactive terminal nerves interlaced smooth muscle bundles in all layers in all smooth muscle regions, formed loose tangled knots about widely dispersed muscle cells in striated muscle, and supplied vessels and submucosal glands.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0243560301
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the opossum oesophagus, bipolar interstitial cells in the circular muscle layer were not VIP-immunoreactive.
In plain wordsIn opossums, a type of cell in the oesophagus muscle layer did not contain the body's own VIP.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeInterstitial cells and VIP immunoreactivity
Study
opossumn: not reported in source
Opossum esophagus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Bipolar interstitial cells in the circular muscle layer stained by osmication were not VIP-immunoreactive.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0243560302
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the opossum oesophagus, nerve cell bodies in both the submucous and myenteric plexuses were VIP-immunoreactive.
In plain wordsIn opossums, nerve cell bodies in the oesophagus wall contained the body's own VIP.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP-immunoreactive perikarya in nerve plexuses
Study
opossumn: not reported in source
Opossum esophagus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Perikarya in both submucous and myenteric plexuses were VIP-immunoreactive.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0243560303
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the opossum oesophagus, VIP-immunoreactive oval cells were scattered in the muscle in all regions and concentrated in the planes of the plexuses.
In plain wordsIn opossums, oval cells containing the body's own VIP were spread through the oesophagus muscle.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableVIP-immunoreactive oval cells
Study
opossumn: not reported in source
Opossum esophagus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive oval cells with round unstained nuclei and a faintly granular cytoplasm were scattered in the muscle in all regions and were concentrated in the planes of the plexuses.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0243560304
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the opossum oesophagus, VIP content of the muscularis propria in the smooth muscle body exceeded that in the striated muscle body and the sphincter region.
In plain wordsIn opossums, the smooth muscle part of the oesophagus held more of the body's own VIP than the striated muscle part and the sphincter.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseVIP content of muscularis propria by region
Study
opossumn: not reported in source
Opossum esophagus
Comparator
Striated muscle esophageal body and sphincter region
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide content of muscularis propria in the smooth muscle esophageal body exceeded (p less than or equal to 0.05) that in the striated muscle esophageal body and the sphincter region
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0243560305
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the opossum oesophagus, VIP content in the striated muscle body and the sphincter region did not differ.
In plain wordsIn opossums, the striated muscle part and the sphincter of the oesophagus held similar amounts of the body's own VIP.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
No significant changeVIP content of striated muscle body versus sphincter region
Study
opossumn: not reported in source
Opossum esophagus
Comparator
Sphincter region
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
but contents in the latter two regions did not differ (p greater than or equal to 0.05).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0243560306
07AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the opossum oesophagus, mucosal VIP content exceeded that of the muscularis propria.
In plain wordsIn opossums, the oesophagus lining held more of the body's own VIP than the muscle layer.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
IncreaseMucosal versus muscularis propria VIP content
Study
opossumn: not reported in source
Opossum esophagus
Comparator
Muscularis propria
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Mucosal content exceeded that of muscularis propria.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We examined planar sections stained for VIP by the avidin-biotin complex method, measured VIP content in mucosa and muscularis propria by radioimmunoassay, and compared neural structures reactive to VIP antiserum with those revealed by osmication in the presence of zinc iodide.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0243560307

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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