Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing cells in the rabbit retina: immunohistochemical localization and quantitative analysis.

Casini G, Brecha NC

The Journal of comparative neurology1 Mar 1991Cited by 30 (Europe PMC)

PMID2026790DOI10.1002/cne.903050212PepBankPUB-02026790

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured7

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the rabbit retina, VIP immunoreactivity was found in amacrine cells in the proximal inner nuclear layer and occasionally in the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, the body's own VIP was found mainly in amacrine cells of the retina.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableLocation of VIP immunoreactive cells in the retina
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
retina, colchicine-treated
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
Immunolabeling was observed in amacrine cells located in the proximal inner nuclear layer and, occasionally, in the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (IPL).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
VIP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in colchicine-treated retinas.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0202679001
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the rabbit retina, VIP immunoreactive cell density peaked at about 50 cells/mm2 in the visual streak and fell to about 12 cells/mm2 in the peripheral retina.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, cells containing the body's own VIP were most dense in the visual streak of the retina.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableDensity of VIP immunoreactive cells
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
retina, colchicine-treated
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Eye
Measurements
cell density
≈ 50 cells/mm2
visual streak
cell density
≈ 12 cells/mm2
peripheral retina
Source sentences
Summary
The distribution of VIP immunoreactive cells showed a peak of approximately 50 cells/mm2 in the visual streak and minimum values of approximately 12 cells/mm2 in the peripheral retina.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
VIP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in colchicine-treated retinas.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0202679002
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
The rabbit retina contained an estimated 11,000 VIP immunopositive neurons.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, the retina holds about 11,000 cells that contain the body's own VIP.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableTotal number of VIP immunopositive neurons
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
retina, colchicine-treated
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Eye
Measurements
VIP immunopositive neurons
11,000 neurons
rabbit retina
Source sentences
Summary
The total number of VIP immunopositive neurons was estimated to be about 11,000.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
VIP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in colchicine-treated retinas.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0202679003
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
VIP immunoreactive cell bodies in the rabbit retina measured 8-9 microns in the visual streak and 9-10 microns in the dorsal or ventral retina.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, retinal cells with the body's own VIP were slightly smaller in the visual streak than elsewhere.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableCell body diameter of VIP immunoreactive neurons
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
retina, colchicine-treated
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Eye
Measurements
cell body diameter
8 to 9 microns
visual streak
cell body diameter
9 to 10 microns
dorsal or ventral retina
Source sentences
Summary
Cell body diameters in the visual streak (8-9 microns) were slightly smaller than those measured in the dorsal or in the ventral retina (9-10 microns).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
VIP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in colchicine-treated retinas.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0202679004
05AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
VIP immunoreactive neurons in the rabbit retina were nonrandomly spaced, with nearest neighbor distances of about 109 microns in the visual streak and about 99 microns in the peripheral retina.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, retinal cells with the body's own VIP were not spaced at random.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableSpacing of VIP immunoreactive neurons
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
retina, colchicine-treated
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Eye
Measurements
nearest neighbor distance
≈ 109 microns
visual streak
nearest neighbor distance
≈ 99 microns
peripheral retina
Source sentences
Summary
The distribution of nearest neighbor distances (approximately 109 microns in the visual streak and approximately 99 microns in the peripheral retina) showed that VIP immunoreactive neurons were nonrandomly spaced.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
VIP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in colchicine-treated retinas.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0202679005
06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the rabbit retina, VIP immunoreactive varicose fibers were distributed in laminae 1, 3 and 5 of the inner plexiform layer.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, fibers that contain the body's own VIP were found in three layers of the retina.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableDistribution of VIP immunoreactive varicose fibers in the inner plexiform layer
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
retina, colchicine-treated
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
Varicose fibers were distributed in laminae 1, 3, and 5 of the IPL.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
VIP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in colchicine-treated retinas.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0202679006
07AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the dorsal rabbit retina, single arborization fields of VIP immunoreactive cells were larger and processes had lower branching frequency than in the visual streak and the ventral retina.
In plain wordsIn rabbits, retinal cells with the body's own VIP had larger and less branched fibre fields in the upper retina than in other regions.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableArborization field size and branching of VIP immunoreactive cells by retinal region
Study
rabbitn: not reported in source
retina, colchicine-treated
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Eye
Source sentences
Summary
In the dorsal retina, estimated areas of single arborization fields were larger and processes had lower branching frequency than in the visual streak and in the ventral retina.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
VIP immunoreactivity was demonstrated in colchicine-treated retinas.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0202679007

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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