Comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin therapy in male patients with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism.

Schopohl J, Mehltretter G, von Zumbusch R, Eversmann T, von Werder K

Fertility and sterility1 Dec 1991Cited by 57 (Europe PMC)

PMID1743335DOI10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54730-xPepBankPUB-01743335

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).

01HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, hCG with added hMG increased testosterone more than GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with hypothalamic hypogonadism, hCG with added hMG increased testosterone more than GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseTestosterone
Study
n = 36
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Testosterone
22.5 nmol/L
hCG then hMG (gonadotropin) group
Testosterone
16.8 nmol/L
pulsatile GnRH group
Reported +/- uncertainty in testosterone
8.1 nmol/L
gonadotropin group, reported value 22.5 nmol/L; uncertainty type not stated
Reported +/- uncertainty in testosterone
5.5 nmol/L
GnRH group, reported value 16.8 nmol/L; uncertainty type not stated
P value for testosterone increase
< 0.03 p value
gonadotropin group versus GnRH group
Source sentences
Summary
Testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels increased significantly higher (T: P less than 0.03; E2; P less than 0.001) in the gonadotropin group than in the GnRH group (T: 22.5 +/- 8.1 versus 16.8 +/- 5.5 nmol/L; E2: 150 +/- 70 versus 88. +/- 59 pmol/L).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Prospective study. Patients had free choice between the two forms of therapy.
Summary · context
Pulsatile GnRH therapy was started with 4 micrograms GnRH subcutaneously every 2 hours using a portable pump and gonadotropin therapy with 3 x 2,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) weekly injected intramuscularly.
Summary · context
After 8 to 12 weeks of hCG treatment, 150 IU human menopausal gonadotropin two to four times weekly were added.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0174333501
02HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, hCG with added hMG increased estradiol more than GnRH therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with hypothalamic hypogonadism, hCG with added hMG increased estradiol more than GnRH therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreaseEstradiol
Study
n = 36
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Estradiol
150 pmol/L
hCG then hMG (gonadotropin) group
Estradiol
88 pmol/L
pulsatile GnRH group
Reported +/- uncertainty in estradiol
70 pmol/L
gonadotropin group, reported value 150 pmol/L; uncertainty type not stated
Reported +/- uncertainty in estradiol
59 pmol/L
GnRH group, reported value 88 pmol/L; uncertainty type not stated
P value for estradiol increase
< 0.001 p value
gonadotropin group versus GnRH group
Source sentences
Summary
Testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) levels increased significantly higher (T: P less than 0.03; E2; P less than 0.001) in the gonadotropin group than in the GnRH group (T: 22.5 +/- 8.1 versus 16.8 +/- 5.5 nmol/L; E2: 150 +/- 70 versus 88. +/- 59 pmol/L).
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0174333502
03HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, testicular volume increased less with hCG and added hMG than with GnRH.
In plain wordsIn men with hypothalamic hypogonadism, testicular volume increased less with hCG and added hMG than with GnRH.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
DecreaseTesticular volume increase
Study
n = 36
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Delta testicular volume
4.8 mL
hCG then hMG (gonadotropin) group
Delta testicular volume
8.1 mL
pulsatile GnRH group
Reported +/- uncertainty in delta testicular volume
2 mL
GnRH group, reported delta 8.1 mL; uncertainty type not stated
Reported +/- uncertainty in delta testicular volume
1.8 mL
gonadotropin group, reported delta 4.8 mL; uncertainty type not stated
P value for testicular volume increase
< 0.001 p value
GnRH group versus gonadotropin group
Source sentences
Summary
The rise of testicular volume was significantly more pronounced (P less than 0.001) in the GnRH group (delta testicular volume = 8.1 +/- 2.0 mL) than in the gonadotropin group (delta testicular volume = 4.8 +/- 1.8 mL).
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Prospective study. Patients had free choice between the two forms of therapy.
Summary · context
Pulsatile GnRH therapy was started with 4 micrograms GnRH subcutaneously every 2 hours using a portable pump and gonadotropin therapy with 3 x 2,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) weekly injected intramuscularly.
Summary · context
After 8 to 12 weeks of hCG treatment, 150 IU human menopausal gonadotropin two to four times weekly were added.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0174333504
04HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, 8 patients on hCG with added hMG and ten on GnRH had positive sperm counts.
In plain wordsIn men with hypothalamic hypogonadism, positive sperm counts occurred in both hCG with added hMG and GnRH groups.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Direction not reportedPositive sperm counts
Study
n = 36
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Patients with positive sperm counts
8 patients
hCG then hMG (gonadotropin) group
Patients with positive sperm counts
10 patients
pulsatile GnRH group
Source sentences
Summary
Ten patients of the GnRH and 8 of the gonadotropin group had positive sperm counts, ranging from 1.5 to 26 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Prospective study. Patients had free choice between the two forms of therapy.
Summary · context
Pulsatile GnRH therapy was started with 4 micrograms GnRH subcutaneously every 2 hours using a portable pump and gonadotropin therapy with 3 x 2,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) weekly injected intramuscularly.
Summary · context
After 8 to 12 weeks of hCG treatment, 150 IU human menopausal gonadotropin two to four times weekly were added.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0174333505
05HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, positive sperm counts took longer with hCG and added hMG than with GnRH.
In plain wordsIn men with hypothalamic hypogonadism, positive sperm counts took longer with hCG and added hMG than with GnRH.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
IncreasePositive sperm count timing
Study
n = 36
Comparator
Pulsatile GnRH
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Time to positive sperm count
20 months
hCG then hMG (gonadotropin) group
Time to positive sperm count
12 months
pulsatile GnRH group
Reported +/- uncertainty in time to positive sperm count
1.6 months
GnRH group, reported time 12 months; uncertainty type not stated
Reported +/- uncertainty in time to positive sperm count
2.3 months
gonadotropin group, reported time 20 months; uncertainty type not stated
P value for time to positive sperm count
< 0.02 p value
GnRH group versus gonadotropin group
Source sentences
Summary
The latter was achieved more rapidly in the GnRH group (12 +/- 1.6 versus 20 +/- 2.3 months: P less than 0.02).
4 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Ten patients of the GnRH and 8 of the gonadotropin group had positive sperm counts, ranging from 1.5 to 26 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL.
Summary · context
Prospective study. Patients had free choice between the two forms of therapy.
Summary · context
Pulsatile GnRH therapy was started with 4 micrograms GnRH subcutaneously every 2 hours using a portable pump and gonadotropin therapy with 3 x 2,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) weekly injected intramuscularly.
Summary · context
After 8 to 12 weeks of hCG treatment, 150 IU human menopausal gonadotropin two to four times weekly were added.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0174333506
06HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In men with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, five patients developed gynecomastia during hCG with added hMG therapy.
In plain wordsIn men with hypothalamic hypogonadism, five patients developed enlarged breast tissue during hCG with added hMG therapy.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Not applicableGynecomastia
Study
n = 18
Outcome group
Adverse events · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Patients with gynecomastia
5 patients
gonadotropin therapy group
Source sentences
Summary
Five patients developed gynecomastia during gonadotropin therapy.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Prospective study. Patients had free choice between the two forms of therapy.
Summary · context
Pulsatile GnRH therapy was started with 4 micrograms GnRH subcutaneously every 2 hours using a portable pump and gonadotropin therapy with 3 x 2,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) weekly injected intramuscularly.
Summary · context
After 8 to 12 weeks of hCG treatment, 150 IU human menopausal gonadotropin two to four times weekly were added.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0174333503
07HumanNot a test of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In men with idiopathic hypothalamic hypogonadism, sperm-positive patients receiving GnRH or hCG with added hMG had concentrations from 1.5 to 26 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL.
In plain wordsIn men receiving GnRH or hCG with added hMG, sperm-positive patients had sperm concentrations within the reported range.
Peptide
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
Outcome
Not applicableSperm concentration in sperm-positive patients
Study
n = 18
Outcome group
Sex hormones and fertility · Reproductive and sexual health
Measurements
Sperm concentration in sperm-positive patients
1.5 to 26 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL
GnRH and gonadotropin groups pooled
Source sentences
Summary
Ten patients of the GnRH and 8 of the gonadotropin group had positive sperm counts, ranging from 1.5 to 26 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Pulsatile GnRH therapy was started with 4 micrograms GnRH subcutaneously every 2 hours using a portable pump and gonadotropin therapy with 3 x 2,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) weekly injected intramuscularly.
Summary · context
After 8 to 12 weeks of hCG treatment, 150 IU human menopausal gonadotropin two to four times weekly were added.
In this study, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
Report a problemFND-0174333507

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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