Development and birthdates of vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactive neurons in the chick proventriculus.

Epstein ML, Saffrey MJ, Poulsen KT

The Journal of comparative neurology1 Jul 1992Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID1613141DOI10.1002/cne.903210108PepBankPUB-01613141

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the chick proventriculus, neurons immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide first appeared at embryonic day 5.5-6.5 in the distal part.
In plain wordsIn chicks, nerve cells carrying the body's own VIP first appeared in the stomach at about embryonic day 5.5 to 6.5.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableTime of first appearance of VIP-IR neurons
Study
chickenn: not reported in source
Chick proventriculus myenteric plexus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
We found that VIP-IR neurons first appeared at embryonic day (E) 5.5-6.5 in the distal part of the proventriculus.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The appearance and numbers of VIP-IR neurons in whole mounts of the myenteric plexus from chick embryos and chickens were examined.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0161314101
02AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the chick proventriculus, the number of VIP-immunoreactive neurons peaked in the E15.5 embryo and declined to 68% of maximum in the 4 week old chicken.
In plain wordsIn chicks, the number of nerve cells carrying the body's own VIP peaked before hatching and later fell to 68% of the peak.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
DecreaseNumber of VIP-IR neurons over development
Study
chickenn: not reported in source
Chick proventriculus myenteric plexus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Measurements
VIP-IR neuron number
68 % of maximum
4 week old chicken
Source sentences
Summary
The number of VIP-IR neurons was found to be maximum in the E15.5 embryo and to decline to 68% of maximum in the 4 week old chicken.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The appearance and numbers of VIP-IR neurons in whole mounts of the myenteric plexus from chick embryos and chickens were examined.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0161314102
03AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the chick proventriculus, VIP-immunoreactive myenteric neurons were born between embryonic day 3 and 10, with a peak at day 7.
In plain wordsIn chicks, nerve cells carrying the body's own VIP were born between embryonic days 3 and 10, mostly at day 7.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableBirthdate of VIP-IR myenteric neurons
Study
chickenn: not reported in source
Chick proventriculus myenteric plexus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
We found that VIP-IR myenteric neurons were born between E3 and E10 with a peak at E7.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The appearance and numbers of VIP-IR neurons in whole mounts of the myenteric plexus from chick embryos and chickens were examined.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0161314103
04AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Other
In the chick proventriculus, most VIP-immunoreactive cells underwent terminal division between embryonic day 5 and 9.
In plain wordsIn chicks, most nerve cells carrying the body's own VIP stopped dividing between embryonic days 5 and 9.
Peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil)
Outcome
Not applicableTerminal division of VIP-IR neurons
Study
chickenn: not reported in source
Chick proventriculus myenteric plexus
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Gastrointestinal
Source sentences
Summary
Most cells underwent terminal division between E5 and E9.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The appearance and numbers of VIP-IR neurons in whole mounts of the myenteric plexus from chick embryos and chickens were examined.
This result measures the body's own Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, aviptadil). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-0161314104

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 12:58 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 12:41 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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