Stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+.

In normal human fibroblasts, GHK‑Cu induced a dose-dependent increase in the synthesis of total GAGs secreted into the culture medium.

In plain wordsIn cells, GHK‑Cu raised the amount of GAGs that fibroblasts released into the medium.

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In normal human fibroblasts, GHK‑Cu induced a dose-dependent increase in the synthesis of GAGs associated with the cell layer.

In plain wordsIn cells, GHK‑Cu raised the amount of GAGs attached to the fibroblast layer.

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In normal human fibroblasts, the effect of GHK‑Cu on GAG synthesis was biphasic: maximal stimulation at 10(-9) to 10(-8) M, returning toward control rates at higher concentrations.

In plain wordsIn cells, GHK‑Cu raised GAG synthesis most at middle concentrations, and the effect faded again at higher concentrations.

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In normal human fibroblasts, GHK‑Cu preferentially stimulated the synthesis of extracellular dermatan sulfate.

In plain wordsIn cells, GHK‑Cu mainly raised the synthesis of dermatan sulfate outside the fibroblasts.

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In normal human fibroblasts, GHK‑Cu preferentially stimulated the synthesis of heparan sulfate associated with the cell layer.

In plain wordsIn cells, GHK‑Cu mainly raised the synthesis of heparan sulfate attached to the fibroblast layer.

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In normal human fibroblasts, GHK‑Cu had no influence on the synthesis of hyaluronic acid.

In plain wordsIn cells, GHK‑Cu did not change the synthesis of hyaluronic acid.

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