CompletedPhase 1/2Results postedNCT02225366
Intratumoral Injections of LL37 for Melanoma
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center4 participants8 Jul 2015 to 24 Nov 2020
Melanoma
Compare peptides
Compare two to four peptides side by side. Counts are exact.
In PepBank now:147 peptides, 6 blends and 13 other compounds97,577 study results from 17,383 studies8,473 clinical trialsUpdated
Comparing 2 peptides · Data version 308560
Swipe sideways to see every peptide.
| Peptide | Natural fragment LL-37 | Natural fragment Thymosin alpha-1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity | |||
| Kind | Natural fragment | Natural fragment | |
| Area | Immune and antimicrobial | Immune and antimicrobial | |
| Evidence | |||
| Amount of evidence | 190 (plus 224 on natural levels, listed separately) | 1,450 (plus 251 on natural levels, listed separately) | |
| Evidence level | Has results from studies in people | Has results from studies in people | |
| Safety | |||
| Safety results | 11 (7 in people) | 54 (45 in people) | |
| Status | |||
| Approval | |||
| Sport (WADA) | |||
| Registered trials | 217 more mention it but do not test it | 56 · 13 active9 more mention it but do not test it | |
Shared outcomes
From the regulatory data of each peptide.
Its most advanced trial is in phase 2. The FDA, the EMA and the other sources we use show no approval (as of 8 Oct 2026).
Outcome groups with study results for at least two of these peptides. Counts include only results from studies that gave the peptide. Bar length is the number of results, on one scale. The bars show how much was studied, not how large an effect was. A peptide with more studies can look stronger here without being stronger. For results, see the randomized results above.
| Outcome group | LL-37 | Thymosin alpha-1 |
|---|---|---|
| Immune responseRespiratory | 19415 | 562163158241 |
PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.
No FDA approval and no central EU authorisation (EMA).
| Antiviral activityInfection | 633 | 10284513 |
|---|
| MortalityWhole body | 99 | 947816 |
|---|
| Inflammation markersSkin and wound | 6121940 | 110404129 |
|---|
| Adverse eventsWhole body | 9711 | 5647441 |
|---|
| Infection and antimicrobial activityPharmacology | 381730 | 4933142 |
|---|
| Tumor growthCancer | 312 | 99273735 |
|---|
| Receptor activity and mechanismSkin and wound | 19217 | 1025934 |
|---|
| Wound healingSkin and wound | 16106 | 11722 |
|---|
| Mitochondrial functionSkin and wound | 22 | 11 |
|---|
Each analog against its native parent, residue by residue. Substitutions, non-standard residues and modifications are marked. Calculated from the two sequences.
LL-37 is the same as Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide precursor (hCAP18) residues 134 to 170.
No differences in the aligned region.
Thymosin alpha-1 is the same as Prothymosin alpha (human) residues 2 to 29, with 1 added group.
What is different
For each outcome that two or more peptides have results for: the best result of a single randomized trial, on the same measure (the same kind of number, the same unit). When a trial has several dose arms, the cell shows the highest dose arm. The trials differ in people, length and dose, so a gap between two cells is not proof that one peptide works better.
No outcome has a randomized-trial result on the same measure for two or more of these peptides yet.
The other peptides have no randomized result on the same measure, so these results cannot be set side by side.
| Outcome | LL-37 | Thymosin alpha-1 |
|---|---|---|
| Antiviral activityInfectionCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No comparable result 2 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit. | 12.7% SVR rate · thymosin alpha-1 Placebo: 10.5% Dose studied: 1.6 mg twice weekly48 weeksn = 5522012 |
| MortalityInfectionCompared as: difference from placebo, in rr | No randomized trial result 9 results from other study designs. | 0.74 RR Relative risk of death n = 3612013 |
| Tumor growthCancerCompared as: value in the arm that got the peptide, in % | No randomized trial result 3 results from other study designs. | 83.3% One-year recurrence rate · group A, thymosin alpha-1 plus TACE n = 572004 |
No comparable result
2 randomized-trial results measure it in another way or another unit.
12.7%
SVR rate · thymosin alpha-1
Placebo: 10.5%
Dose studied: 1.6 mg twice weekly48 weeksn = 5522012
No randomized trial result
9 results from other study designs.
0.74 RR
Relative risk of death
n = 3612013
No randomized trial result
3 results from other study designs.
83.3%
One-year recurrence rate · group A, thymosin alpha-1 plus TACE
n = 572004
Registered trials, ranked by phase (late phases first), then posted results and enrollment. Status is the registry status. Study results come from published studies. Results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov are shown on each trial page.
2 trials · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center4 participants8 Jul 2015 to 24 Nov 2020
Melanoma
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia40 participantsest. Oct 2019 to est. Jan 2020
Diabetic Foot Ulcer
17 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.
Top 3 of 56 trials, ranked by phase, then posted results and enrollment: 1 ongoing · 1 completed · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine2,944 participants21 Jan 2020 to est. Jun 2020
2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection
Fudan University2,500 participants1 Apr 2021 to est. 31 Mar 2027
Stage II Colorectal Cancer · Stage III Colorectal Cancer
Sun Yat-sen University1,106 participants6 Sept 2016 to 23 Mar 2021
Sepsis
9 more mention it but do not test it. They only measure it or name it in their text.